We studied dust acoustic solitary waves (DASW) in a five component cometary plasma by deriving the Kadomstev–Petiashvili (KP) equation. The five components consist of two components of electrons described by kappa distributions with different temperatures and spectral indices, a lighter (hydrogen) and a heavier (oxygen) ion component, both ion components are described by Maxwellian distributions. Dust particles, with varying charge, constitute the fifth component. The system supports rarefactive DASWs whose amplitudes are larger when the charges on the dust particles vary. The amplitudes also increase with increasing $$ z_{d0} n_{d0} $$ z d 0 n d 0 (product of equilibrium charge number and density of dust) and increasing ion densities. It, however, decreases with increasing spectral indices of the electrons.

中文翻译：

---

带电荷变化的五分量彗星等离子体中的尘埃声孤立波

我们通过推导 Kadomstev-Petiashvili (KP) 方程研究了五分量彗星等离子体中的尘埃声孤立波 (DASW)。这五个分量由两个电子分量组成，这些电子分量由具有不同温度和光谱指数的 kappa 分布描述，一个较轻（氢）和一个较重（氧）离子分量，这两个离子分量都由麦克斯韦分布描述。带不同电荷的尘埃粒子构成第五个成分。该系统支持稀有 DASW，当尘埃粒子上的电荷变化时，其振幅会更大。振幅也随着 $$ z_{d0} n_{d0} $$ zd 0 nd 0（平衡电荷数和灰尘密度的乘积）和离子密度的增加而增加。然而，它随着电子光谱指数的增加而降低。