A nanostructured, tri-layer TiO₂ photoanode consisting of a rice grain–shaped (RG), electrospun TiO₂ sandwiched between two TiO₂ nanoparticle (NP) layers has been successfully used for the efficiency enhancement in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with three different types of electrolytes. The three different types of electrolytes, liquid, gel, and solid, were prepared, and their solar cell performances were assessed in order to establish that the efficiency enhancement due to the tri-layer TiO₂ photoanode occurs irrespective of the electrolyte type. The solar cell parameters of DSSCs with this novel photoanode were compared with DSSCs fabricated using a conventional TiO₂ nanoparticle (NP) single-layer photoanode. The electrolytes used were (a) commercially available Solaronix Iodolyte Z-50 liquid electrolyte (LE); (b) gel electrolyte (GE) consisting of PEO, EC, PC, KI, Pr₄NI, and I₂; and (c) solid electrolyte (SE) consisting of PAN, EC, PC, LiI, Pr4NI, BMII, and I_2.. Substantial improvement of efficiency of solar cells with NP/RG/NP composite electrode could be obtained irrespective of the type of the electrolyte medium. For the cells with gel polymer electrolyte (GE) and the solid polymer electrolyte (SE), the efficiency enhancement is 26.9% and 21.5% respectively, while the efficiency enhancement for the liquid electrolyte–based cell is 19.4%. The short-circuit photocurrent density values showed a similar enhancement due to the composite TiO₂ photoanode. These findings suggest that the efficiency and the photocurrent are enhanced considerably by the tri-layered photoanode structure evidently due to the improved light absorption by scattering events in the TiO₂ tri-layer.

中文翻译：

---

纳米结构三层TiO 2光电阳极提高染料敏化太阳能电池的效率，而与电解质介质无关

纳米结构的三层TiO ₂光电阳极由水稻粒状（RG），电纺TiO ₂夹在两个TiO ₂纳米颗粒（NP）层之间构成，已成功用于提高染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）的效率与三种不同类型的电解质。制备了三种不同类型的电解质（液体，凝胶和固体），并评估了它们的太阳能电池性能，以便确定由于三层TiO ₂光电阳极而引起的效率提高与电解质类型无关。将具有这种新型光电阳极的DSSC的太阳能电池参数与使用常规TiO ₂制成的DSSC进行了比较。纳米粒子（NP）单层光阳极。使用的电解质是（a）可商购的Solaronix Iodolyte Z-50液体电解质（LE）；（b）由PEO，EC，PC，KI，Pr ₄ NI和I ₂组成的凝胶电解质（GE）；（c）由PAN，EC，PC，LiI，Pr4NI，BMII和I ₂组成的固体电解质（SE）_。。不管电解质介质的类型如何，都能获得具有NP / RG / NP复合电极的太阳能电池效率的显着提高。对于具有凝胶聚合物电解质（GE）和固体聚合物电解质（SE）的电池，效率提高分别为26.9％和21.5％，而基于液体电解质的电池效率提高为19.4％。由于复合TiO _2光阳极，短路光电流密度值显示出类似的增强。这些发现表明，三层光阳极结构明显提高了效率和光电流，这是由于TiO ₂三层中的散射事件改善了光吸收。