Ontologies are used with great success in education because they allow to formulate the representation of a learning domain by specifying all concepts involved, relations between concepts and all properties and conditions that exist. The goal of this paper is to present the field of ontologies and give an overview of recent research in the field, in the context of education. As this paper presents a literature review, papers from the last five years were collected from the IEEE Xplore database, analysed and categorized based on the use of ontologies for: curriculum modelling and management, describing learning domains, learning data, and e-learning services. From the collected papers, a slightly growing trend in the contribution of ontologies to educational systems can be observed. Most studies used ontologies for describing learning domains, and some of the 95 collected papers could not fit in just one category because a system used more than one ontology. Throughout the work, the following contributions have been made: the term ontology was defined, the most common types of ontologies and commonly used methodologies for building ontologies were identified, and an overview of existing systems that use ontologies in the domain of education was given.

本体在教育中取得了巨大的成功，因为它们允许通过指定所涉及的所有概念，概念与存在的所有属性和条件之间的关系来表达学习领域的表示形式。本文的目的是介绍本体论领域，并在教育的背景下概述该领域的最新研究。在本文发表文献综述时，最近五年的论文是从IEEE Xplore数据库中收集的，并基于以下方面的本体使用进行了分析和分类：课程建模和管理，描述学习领域，学习数据和电子学习服务。从收集的论文中，可以观察到本体论对教育系统的贡献略有增长的趋势。大多数研究都使用本体论来描述学习领域，而且95种收集的论文中有一些不能仅仅归为一类，因为一个系统使用了多个本体。在整个工作中，做出了以下贡献：定义了术语本体，确定了最常见的本体类型和构建本体的常用方法，并概述了在教育领域中使用本体的现有系统。