Humans still play a key role in air traffic control but their performances limit the capacity of the airspace and are responsible for delays. At the tactical level, even though air traffic controllers (ATCO) are trained for years, their performances are limited. In this article, we first isolated the tactical horizontal deconfliction task and explained its mathematical complexity. We observed through a simple experiment conducted on trainee and experienced ATCOs its complexity on random traffic in a part-task trainer displaying two to five aircraft trajectories at the same altitude. We compared performances of trainee ATCOs with experienced ATCOs using two different displays: a basic display showing information on aircraft positions and a dynamic visualization tool that represents the conflicting portions of aircraft trajectories and the evolution of the conflict zone when the user adds a maneuver to an aircraft. The tool allows the user to dynamically check the potential conflicting zones with the computer mouse before making a maneuver decision. Results showed that in easy situations (two aircraft), performance was similar with both displays and groups. However, as the complexity of the situations grows (from three to five aircraft), the dynamic visualization tool enables users to solve the conflicts more efficiently. Using the tool leads to fewer unsolved conflicts. Even if experienced ATCOs performed much better than trainee ATCOs on complex situations, they also performed much better with the conflict visualization tool than without on such situations.

中文翻译：

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理解和克服空中交通管制中的水平间隔复杂性：专家/新手比较

人类在空中交通管制中仍然发挥着关键作用，但他们的表现限制了空域的容量并造成延误。在战术层面，尽管空中交通管制员 (ATCO) 接受了多年的培训，但他们的表现有限。在本文中，我们首先隔离了战术横向冲突消除任务并解释了其数学复杂性。我们通过对受训者进行的简单实验观察并体验了 ATCO 在部分任务训练器中随机交通的复杂性，该训练器在同一高度显示了两到五架飞机的轨迹。我们使用两种不同的显示器比较了见习 ATCO 和有经验的 ATCO 的表现：一个显示飞机位置信息的基本显示和一个动态可视化工具，表示当用户向飞机添加机动时飞机轨迹的冲突部分和冲突区域的演变。该工具允许用户在做出机动决策之前使用计算机鼠标动态检查潜在的冲突区域。结果表明，在简单的情况下（两架飞机），显示器和组的性能相似。然而，随着情况的复杂性增加（从三架飞机到五架飞机），动态可视化工具使用户能够更有效地解决冲突。使用该工具可以减少未解决的冲突。即使经验丰富的空中交通管制员在复杂情况下的表现比见习的空中交通管制员要好得多，