In addition to a wide variety of anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria, camel rumen also harbors a diverse of eukaryotic organisms. In the present study, the eukaryotic communities of camel rumen were characterized using 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Metagenomic DNA was isolated from rumen samples of fourteen adult Bikaneri and Kachchhi breeds of camel fed different diets containing Jowar, Bajra, Maize, and Guar. Illumina sequencing generated 27,161,904 number of reads corresponding to 1543 total operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Taxonomic classification of community metagenome sequences from all the samples revealed the presence of 92 genera belonging to 16 different divisions, out of which Ciliophora (73%), Fungi (13%) and Streptophyta (9%) were found to be the most dominant. Notably, the abundance of Ciliophora was significantly higher in the case of Guar feed, while Fungi was significantly higher in the case of Maize feed, indicating the influence of cellulose and hemicellulose content of feedstuff on the composition of eukaryotes. The results suggest that the camel rumen eukaryotes are highly dynamic and depend on the type of diet given to the animal. Pearson’s correlation analysis suggested the ciliate protozoa and fungi were negatively correlated with each other. To the best of our knowledge, this is first systematic study to characterize camel rumen eukaryotes, which has provided newer information regarding eukaryotic diversity patterns amongst camel fed on different diets.

中文翻译：

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使用 18S rRNA 扩增子测序探索印度骆驼 (Camelus dromedarius) 瘤胃中的真核生物多样性

除了种类繁多的厌氧菌和兼性厌氧菌外，骆驼瘤胃还含有多种真核生物。在本研究中，骆驼瘤胃的真核生物群落使用 18S rRNA 扩增子测序进行了表征。宏基因组 DNA 是从 14 个成年 Bikaneri 和 Kachchhi 骆驼品种的瘤胃样本中分离出来的，这些骆驼以含有 Jowar、Bajra、玉米和瓜尔豆的不同饮食喂养。Illumina 测序产生了 27,161,904 个读数，对应于 1543 个总操作分类单元 (OTU)。来自所有样本的群落宏基因组序列的分类学分类显示存在属于 16 个不同部门的 92 个属，其中纤毛纲 (73%)、真菌 (13%) 和链球菌 (9%) 被发现是最主要的。尤其，瓜尔豆饲料中纤毛虫的丰度显着较高，而玉米饲料中真菌的丰度显着较高，表明饲料中纤维素和半纤维素含量对真核生物组成的影响。结果表明，骆驼瘤胃真核生物是高度动态的，取决于给予动物的饮食类型。Pearson 相关分析表明纤毛虫原生动物和真菌呈负相关。据我们所知，这是第一次对骆驼瘤胃真核生物进行表征的系统研究，它提供了有关以不同饮食喂养的骆驼之间真核生物多样性模式的最新信息。表明饲料中纤维素和半纤维素含量对真核生物组成的影响。结果表明，骆驼瘤胃真核生物是高度动态的，取决于给予动物的饮食类型。Pearson 相关分析表明纤毛虫原生动物和真菌呈负相关。据我们所知，这是第一次对骆驼瘤胃真核生物进行表征的系统研究，它提供了有关以不同饮食喂养的骆驼之间真核生物多样性模式的最新信息。表明饲料中纤维素和半纤维素含量对真核生物组成的影响。结果表明，骆驼瘤胃真核生物是高度动态的，取决于给予动物的饮食类型。Pearson 相关分析表明纤毛虫原生动物和真菌呈负相关。据我们所知，这是第一次对骆驼瘤胃真核生物进行表征的系统研究，它提供了有关以不同饮食喂养的骆驼之间真核生物多样性模式的最新信息。