As more and more power electronic based generation units are integrated into power systems, the stable operation of power systems has been challenged due to the lack of system inertia. In order to solve this issue, the virtual synchronous generator (VSG), in which the power electronic inverter is controlled to mimic the characteristics of traditional synchronous generators, is a promising strategy. In this paper, the representation of the synchronous generator in power systems is firstly presented as the basis for the VSG. Then the modelling methods of VSG are comprehensively reviewed and compared. Applications of the VSG in power systems are summarized as well. Finally, the challenges and future trends of the VSG implementation are discussed.

中文翻译：

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电力系统中虚拟同步发电机的建模，实现和评估

随着越来越多的基于电力电子的发电单元被集成到电力系统中，由于缺乏系统惯性，电力系统的稳定运行受到了挑战。为了解决这个问题，虚拟同步发电机（VSG）是一种很有前途的策略，其中控制功率电子逆变器以模仿传统同步发电机的特性。在本文中，首先提出了同步发电机在电力系统中的表示，作为VSG的基础。然后全面回顾和比较了VSG的建模方法。总结了VSG在电力系统中的应用。最后，讨论了VSG实施的挑战和未来趋势。