As machines and agents become more autonomous, it has been increasingly clear to human factors/ergonomics researchers and practitioners that agent transparency is a critical issue for effective human–agent teaming. Transparency methods can provide the foundation for establishing shared awareness and shared intent between humans and intelligent machines. However, to date, the existing body of research on agent transparency has not been systematically documented. The purpose of this article is to summarize and evaluate current psychological theories and empirical evidence regarding effective agent transparency in human–autonomy teaming. We start by examining how transparency has been operationalized in the literature by discussing the two prominent theoretical frameworks of human–autonomy teaming. We then present a review of the empirical findings concerning how transparency affects key human–autonomy teaming variables, such as operator accuracy, decision time, situation awareness, perceived usability, and workload. This article includes an overview of the experimental tasks, scenarios, and interfaces that have been used in past studies and synthesizes how transparency has been operationalized and manipulated by prior studies. We then summarize the results and conclude by providing key recommendations for future research.

中文翻译：

---

代理透明度：当前理论和证据的回顾

随着机器和代理变得更加自主，人为因素/人体工程学研究人员和从业人员越来越清楚，代理透明度是有效的人与代理团队合作的关键问题。透明方法可以为在人类和智能机器之间建立共享意识和共享意图提供基础。然而，迄今为止，关于代理透明度的现有研究机构还没有被系统地记录下来。本文的目的是总结和评估当前关于人与自治团队中有效代理透明度的心理学理论和经验证据。我们首先通过讨论人类-自治团队的两个重要理论框架来研究透明度在文献中是如何运作的。然后，我们回顾了关于透明度如何影响关键的人类-自主团队变量的实证研究结果，例如操作员准确性、决策时间、情境意识、感知可用性和工作量。本文概述了过去研究中使用的实验任务、场景和界面，并综合了先前研究如何操作和操纵透明度。然后，我们总结了结果，并为未来的研究提供了关键建议。和在过去研究中使用的界面，并综合了先前研究如何操作和操纵透明度。然后，我们总结了结果，并为未来的研究提供了关键建议。和在过去研究中使用的界面，并综合了先前研究如何操作和操纵透明度。然后，我们总结了结果，并为未来的研究提供了关键建议。