Emerging investigator series: nanotechnology to develop novel agrochemicals: critical issues to consider in the global agricultural context,Environmental Science: Nano

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Emerging investigator series: nanotechnology to develop novel agrochemicals: critical issues to consider in the global agricultural context
Environmental Science: Nano ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-22 , DOI: 10.1039/d0en00271b
Melanie Kah _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Rai Kookana _{5,

6,

7,

8,

9}

Affiliation

Research and development on potential use of nanotechnology in agriculture have intensified exponentially over the last decade. Claims of superior efficacy, lower costs, improved sustainability etc. relative to conventional practices have been made. The promises, however, are not always fully substantiated, and thus may even prove counter-productive. Considering the shifts in drivers for the development of nano-enabled solutions, regulatory and public perception and to geographical discrepancies in terms food production, we reflect on how the proposed nano-enabled solutions are likely to meet the need in the global agricultural context. The potential of nanotechnology to reduce undernourishment and food insecurity at the global scale remains largely uncertain. Nanotechnology needs to align with the unique needs of emerging economies, where the scope of improvements are large but challenges abound. Regulatory requirements under development are extremely stringent for nanoformulations as the fate and hazard of different components (i.e. active substance, co-formulants and other adjuvants) need to be considered individually as well as together, which is typically not required for conventional agrochemicals. Organic nanocarriers are particularly difficult to track in food and environment and it is not always clear how regulatory requirements may be fulfilled. From our perspective, less focus should be placed on trying to define a clear boundary between nano vs. non-nano as it may slow down the uptake of innovations that will improve agrochemicals. More work is also needed to successfully design and synthesise materials that can outperform current agrochemicals through molecular-level tuning of properties. New approaches suitable for life cycle assessments of both nano and conventional agrochemicals are needed to support comparative evaluations. Besides, a global context, a multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary approach and a collective thrust by innovators is a must for realisation of true potential of nanotechnology in food and environment sector.

中文翻译：

新兴研究者系列：开发新型农用化学品的纳米技术：全球农业背景下要考虑的关键问题

在过去的十年中，有关纳米技术在农业中的潜在用途的研究与开发呈指数级增长。声称具有卓越的功效，较低的成本，改善的可持续性等。相对于常规做法。但是，这些承诺并不总是得到充分证实，因此甚至可能适得其反。考虑到开发纳米技术解决方案的驱动力的变化，监管和公众的认知以及食品生产方面的地理差异，我们思考了拟议的纳米技术解决方案如何可能满足全球农业环境的需求。纳米技术在全球范围内减少营养不良和粮食不安全的潜力仍然很大。纳米技术需要与新兴经济体的独特需求保持一致，新兴经济体的改进范围很大，但挑战很多。由于纳米配方的命运和不同成分的危害，正在制定的法规要求极为严格（即活性物质，共formulants和其它助剂）需要考虑个别的以及一起，这通常是不需要常规农用化学品。有机纳米载体在食品和环境中特别难以追踪，而且尚不清楚如何满足监管要求。从我们的角度来看，应将较少的精力放在试图在纳米级与纳米级之间建立明确的界限上。非纳米，因为它可能减慢将改善农用化学品的创新的采用。要成功设计和合成可以通过分子水平的特性调节胜过当前农药的材料，还需要做更多的工作。需要新的方法来适用于纳米和常规农药的生命周期评估，以支持比较评估。此外，全球环境，多学科/跨学科的方法以及创新者的共同努力是实现纳米技术在食品和环境领域真正潜力的必要条件。

更新日期：2020-07-16

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