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The SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effect is blocked with autophagy modulators.
bioRxiv - Pharmacology and Toxicology Pub Date : 2020-05-28 , DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.16.091520
Kirill Gorshkov 1 , Catherine Z Chen 1 , Robert Bostwick 2 , Lynn Rasmussen 2 , Miao Xu 1 , Manisha Pradhan 1 , Bruce Nguyen Tran 1 , Wei Zhu 1 , Khalida Shamim 1 , Wenwei Huang 1 , Xin Hu 1 , Min Shen 1 , Carleen Klumpp-Thomas 1 , Zina Itkin 1 , Paul Shinn 1 , Anton Simeonov 1 , Sam Michael 1 , Matthew D Hall 1 , Donald C Lo 1 , Wei Zheng 1
Affiliation  

SARS-CoV-2 is a new type of coronavirus capable of rapid transmission and causing severe clinical symptoms; much of which has unknown biological etiology. It has prompted researchers to rapidly mobilize their efforts towards identifying and developing anti-viral therapeutics and vaccines. Discovering and understanding the virus' pathways of infection, host-protein interactions, and cytopathic effects will greatly aid in the design of new therapeutics to treat COVID-19. While it is known that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, extensively explored as clinical agents for COVID-19, have multiple cellular effects including inhibiting autophagy, there are also dose-limiting toxicities in patients that make clearly establishing their potential mechanisms-of-action problematic. Therefore, we evaluated a range of other autophagy modulators to identify an alternative autophagy-based drug repurposing opportunity. In this work, we found that 6 of these compounds blocked the cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero-E6 cells with EC50 values ranging from 2.0 to 13 μM and selectivity indices ranging from 1.5 to >10-fold. Immunofluorescence staining for LC3B and LysoTracker dye staining assays in several cell lines indicated their potency and efficacy for inhibiting autophagy correlated with the measurements in the SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effect assay. Our data suggest that autophagy pathways could be targeted to combat SARS-CoV-2 infections and become an important component of drug combination therapies to improve the treatment outcomes for COVID-19.

中文翻译:

自噬调节剂可阻断SARS-CoV-2的细胞病变作用。

SARS-CoV-2是一种新型的冠状病毒,能够快速传播并引起严重的临床症状。其中许多具有未知的生物学病因。它促使研究人员迅速动员他们的力量来确定和开发抗病毒治疗剂和疫苗。发现和了解病毒的感染途径,宿主蛋白相互作用和细胞病变效应将大大有助于设计新的治疗COVID-19的疗法。虽然众所周知,作为COVID-19的临床药物而广泛探索的氯喹和羟基氯喹具有多种细胞作用,包括抑制自噬,但对患者的剂量限制毒性也清楚地表明了其潜在的作用机理。因此,我们评估了一系列其他自噬调节剂,以确定替代自噬的药物重用机会。在这项工作中,我们发现这些化合物中有6种阻断了SARS-CoV-2在Vero-E6细胞中的细胞病变作用,EC50值范围为2.0至13μM,选择性指数范围为1.5至> 10倍。LC3B和LysoTracker染料染色检测在几种细胞系中的免疫荧光染色表明,它们抑制自噬的能力和功效与SARS-CoV-2细胞病变效应检测中的测定相关。我们的数据表明,自噬途径可以靶向对抗SARS-CoV-2感染,并成为药物联合疗法的重要组成部分,以改善COVID-19的治疗效果。我们发现这些化合物中有6种阻断了SARS-CoV-2在Vero-E6细胞中的细胞病变作用,EC50值为2.0至13μM,选择性指数为1.5至> 10倍。在几种细胞系中对LC3B和LysoTracker染料进行的免疫荧光染色分析表明,它们抑制自噬的能力和功效与SARS-CoV-2细胞病变效应分析中的测量值相关。我们的数据表明,自噬途径可以靶向对抗SARS-CoV-2感染,并成为药物联合疗法的重要组成部分,以改善COVID-19的治疗效果。我们发现这些化合物中有6种阻断了SARS-CoV-2在Vero-E6细胞中的细胞病变作用,EC50值为2.0至13μM,选择性指数为1.5至> 10倍。在几种细胞系中对LC3B和LysoTracker染料进行的免疫荧光染色分析表明,它们抑制自噬的能力和功效与SARS-CoV-2细胞病变效应分析中的测量值相关。我们的数据表明,自噬途径可以靶向对抗SARS-CoV-2感染,并成为药物联合疗法的重要组成部分,以改善COVID-19的治疗效果。在几种细胞系中对LC3B和LysoTracker染料进行的免疫荧光染色分析表明,它们抑制自噬的能力和功效与SARS-CoV-2细胞病变效应分析中的测量值相关。我们的数据表明,自噬途径可以靶向对抗SARS-CoV-2感染,并成为药物联合疗法的重要组成部分,以改善COVID-19的治疗效果。在几种细胞系中对LC3B和LysoTracker染料进行的免疫荧光染色分析表明,它们抑制自噬的能力和功效与SARS-CoV-2细胞病变效应分析中的测量值相关。我们的数据表明,自噬途径可以靶向对抗SARS-CoV-2感染,并成为药物联合疗法的重要组成部分,以改善COVID-19的治疗效果。
更新日期:2020-05-28
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