Histopathological examination of temporal artery biopsy (TAB) remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA) but is associated with essential limitations that emphasize the need for an upgraded pathological process. This study pioneered the use of full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) for rapid and automated on-site pathological diagnosis of GCA. Sixteen TABs (12 negative and 4 positive for GCA) were selected according to major histopathological criteria of GCA following hematoxylin-eosin-saffron-staining for subsequent acquisition with FF-OCT to compare structural modifications of the artery cell wall and thickness of each tunica. Gabor filtering of FF-OCT images was then used to compute TAB orientation maps and validate a potential automated analysis of TAB sections. FF-OCT allowed both qualitative and quantitative visualization of the main structures of the temporal artery wall, from the internal elastic lamina to the vasa vasorum and red blood cells, unveiling a significant correlation with conventional histology. FF-OCT imaging of GCA TABs revealed destruction of the media with distinct remodeling of the whole arterial wall into a denser reticular fibrous neo-intima, which is distinctive of GCA pathogenesis and accessible through automated Gabor filtering. Rapid on-site FF-OCT TAB acquisition makes it possible to identify some characteristic pathological lesions of GCA within a few minutes, paving the way for potential machine intelligence-based or even non-invasive diagnosis of GCA.

中文翻译：

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全场光学相干断层扫描诊断巨细胞性动脉炎

颞动脉活检（TAB）的组织病理学检查仍然是诊断巨细胞性动脉炎（GCA）的金标准，但与强调必须升级病理过程的基本局限性相关。这项研究开创了使用全场光学相干断层扫描（FF-OCT）进行GCA的快速和自动现场病理诊断。根据苏木精-曙红-藏红花染色后GCA的主要组织病理学标准，选择了十六种TAB（GCA阴性12例，阳性4例），随后用FF-OCT进行采集以比较动脉细胞壁的结构修饰和每个中膜的厚度。然后使用FF-OCT图像的Gabor滤波来计算TAB方向图并验证TAB切片的潜在自动化分析。FF-OCT可以对颞动脉壁的主要结构进行定性和定量可视化，从内部弹性薄片到脉管血管和红细胞，揭示了与常规组织学的显着相关性。GCA TAB的FF-OCT成像显示介质破坏，整个动脉壁明显重塑成致密的网状纤维性新内膜，这是GCA发病机制的特征，可通过自动Gabor过滤获得。快速的现场FF-OCT TAB采集使在几分钟之内识别GCA的一些特征性病理病变成为可能，从而为潜在的基于机器智能甚至非侵入性诊断GCA铺平了道路。从内部弹性薄片到脉管血管和红细胞，揭示了与传统组织学的显着相关性。GCA TAB的FF-OCT成像显示介质破坏，整个动脉壁明显重塑成致密的网状纤维性新内膜，这是GCA发病机制的特征，可通过自动Gabor过滤获得。快速的现场FF-OCT TAB采集使在几分钟之内识别GCA的一些特征性病理病变成为可能，从而为潜在的基于机器智能甚至非侵入性诊断GCA铺平了道路。从内部弹性薄片到脉管血管和红细胞，揭示了与传统组织学的显着相关性。GCA TAB的FF-OCT成像显示介质破坏，整个动脉壁明显重塑成致密的网状纤维性新内膜，这是GCA发病机制的特征，可通过自动Gabor过滤获得。快速的现场FF-OCT TAB采集使在几分钟之内识别GCA的一些特征性病理病变成为可能，从而为潜在的基于机器智能甚至非侵入性诊断GCA铺平了道路。GCA TAB的FF-OCT成像显示介质破坏，整个动脉壁明显重塑成致密的网状纤维性新内膜，这是GCA发病机制的特征，可通过自动Gabor过滤获得。快速的现场FF-OCT TAB采集使在几分钟之内识别GCA的一些特征性病理病变成为可能，从而为潜在的基于机器智能甚至非侵入性诊断GCA铺平了道路。GCA TAB的FF-OCT成像显示介质破坏，整个动脉壁明显重塑成致密的网状纤维性新内膜，这是GCA发病机制的特征，可通过自动Gabor过滤获得。快速的现场FF-OCT TAB采集使在几分钟之内识别GCA的一些特征性病理病变成为可能，从而为潜在的基于机器智能甚至非侵入性诊断GCA铺平了道路。