Abstract

Background

The majority of older adults are physically inactive; therefore, strategies are needed to effectively promote sustained engagement in physical activity.

Purpose

This study was designed to investigate acute bidirectional relationships between affective and physical feeling states and activity-related behaviors among older adults in the context of everyday life using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA).

Methods

Older adults (n = 103, M_age = 72, Range: 60–98) participated in a 10-day study where they completed up to 6 smartphone-based EMA prompts/day. At each EMA prompt, participants reported their current positive and negative affect and physical feeling states. Participants wore an activPAL accelerometer to measure time spent standing and time spent stepping before and after the prompt. Separate multilevel random coefficient linear and logistic regression models examined these bidirectional relationships.

Results

On occasions when older adults engaged in more standing and more stepping than was typical for them in the 15 and 30 min prior to the EMA prompt, they tended to report greater feelings of energy at the prompt. On occasions when older adults reported greater feelings of energy than was typical for them, they engaged in more standing and more stepping in the 15 and 30 min following the EMA prompt. Positive and negative affect was unrelated to activity-related behaviors.

Conclusions

Feelings of energy appear to be strongly linked to activity-related behaviors in older adults; however, this was not the case for positive or negative affect. These findings may have implications for optimal delivery of just-in-time intervention context based on affective states or current behaviors.

中文翻译：

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老年人情感、身体感觉状态和活动相关行为之间的急性双向关系：一项生态瞬时评估研究

摘要

背景

大多数老年人缺乏身体活动；因此，需要制定有效促进持续参与身体活动的战略。

目的

本研究旨在使用生态瞬时评估 (EMA) 调查老年人在日常生活中情感和身体感觉状态与活动相关行为之间的急性双向关系。

方法

老年人（n = 103，M_年龄= 72，范围：60-98）参与了一项为期 10 天的研究，他们每天最多完成 6 个基于智能手机的 EMA 提示。在每个 EMA 提示下，参与者报告他们当前的积极和消极情绪以及身体感觉状态。参与者佩戴有源PAL 加速度计来测量提示前后的站立时间和踏步时间。单独的多级随机系数线性和逻辑回归模型检查了这些双向关系。

结果

有时，当老年人在 EMA 提示前 15 和 30 分钟内比他们典型的站立和踏步更多时，他们往往会在提示时表现出更大的能量感。有时，当老年人报告比他们典型的精力充沛时，他们会在 EMA 提示后的 15 和 30 分钟内进行更多的站立和更多的踩踏。积极和消极的影响与活动相关的行为无关。

结论

精力充沛的感觉似乎与老年人的活动相关行为密切相关；然而，对于积极或消极影响而言，情况并非如此。这些发现可能对基于情感状态或当前行为的及时干预环境的最佳传递有影响。