Since the approval of trastuzumab for the treatment of breast cancers more than two decades ago, many clinically effective targeted anti-cancer therapies have been developed. Here we consider the evidence that supports genomics-guided drug development and review the concept of oncogene addiction, including recent findings that inform this therapeutic approach. We consider non-oncogene addiction and how this synthetic-lethal paradigm could expand the range of new therapies, particularly for currently undruggable cancers. We discuss how CRISPR-based genetic screening is enhancing the ability to identify new targets. We conclude by considering opportunities for expanding the scope and refining the use of precision cancer medicines.

自二十多年前曲妥珠单抗获批用于治疗乳腺癌以来，已开发出许多临床有效的靶向抗癌疗法。在这里，我们考虑支持基因组学指导的药物开发的证据，并回顾癌基因成瘾的概念，包括为这种治疗方法提供信息的最新发现。我们考虑非癌基因成瘾以及这种合成致死范式如何扩大新疗法的范围，特别是对于目前无法治愈的癌症。我们讨论了基于 CRISPR 的基因筛查如何提高识别新靶标的能力。最后，我们考虑了扩大精准癌症药物范围和改进使用的机会。