Abstract

Background

Further evidence is needed on the effects that short- and long-term exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) have on the respiratory health of patients with lung disease. Within the TackSHS project we aimed to assess the acute respiratory effects in lung function that result from short-term SHS exposure among patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods

The study design was an intervention trial with measurements before/after exposure to SHS in legal outdoor smoking areas. We studied patients with asthma or COPD from Czechia, Ireland, and Spain. Forced spirometry, peak flow and carbon monoxide (CO) measurements were performed pre- and 24 h post- exposure.

Results

Overall, 60 patients were studied, 30 with asthma, and 30 with COPD; 35 (58.3%) were female. There were no significant differences observed in exhaled CO between pre- and 24 h post-exposure neither in women (p = 0.210), nor in men (p = 0.169).

A statistically significant decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC) was seen, overall, in asthma participants (p = 0.02) and in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV₁), (p = 0.02), FVC (p = 0.04) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) (p = 0.04) in female asthmatic participants. The observed decreases in respiratory measurements in COPD were not significant. There were no reported increases in symptoms, respiratory medication, or use of health services 24 h after the exposure.

Conclusion

We conclude that acute, short-term SHS exposure had a statistically significant effect on spirometry in female asthma patients but did not significantly modify spirometric indices 24 h later in COPD patients.

中文翻译：

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慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD) 和哮喘患者在户外接触二手烟后的肺功能变化

摘要

背景

短期和长期接触二手烟 (SHS) 对肺病患者呼吸系统健康的影响需要进一步的证据。在 TackSHS 项目中，我们旨在评估哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD) 患者短期接触 SHS 对肺功能的急性呼吸影响。

方法

研究设计是一项干预试验，在合法室外吸烟区接触 SHS 之前/之后进行测量。我们研究了来自捷克、爱尔兰和西班牙的哮喘或 COPD 患者。在暴露前和暴露后 24 小时进行强制肺活量测定、峰值流量和一氧化碳 (CO) 测量。

结果

总共研究了 60 名患者，其中 30 名患有哮喘，30 名患有 COPD；35 (58.3%) 名女性。在女性 ( p  = 0.210) 和男性 ( p  = 0.169) 中，暴露前和暴露后 24 小时的呼出 CO 没有显着差异。

在用力肺活量（FVC）的统计学显著下跌看出，整体而言，在哮喘的参与者（p  = 0.02）和在第一秒（FEV用力呼气量₁），（p  = 0.02），FVC（p  = 0.04）和 女性哮喘参与者的峰值呼气流速 (PEFR) ( p = 0.04)。在 COPD 中观察到的呼吸测量值下降并不显着。在暴露后 24 小时，没有报告症状、呼吸系统药物或卫生服务的使用增加。

结论

我们得出的结论是，急性、短期 SHS 暴露对女性哮喘患者的肺活量测定有统计学意义的影响，但在 COPD 患者 24 小时后没有显着改变肺活量测定指标。