A method is described for integrating crop modelling and production economics to quantify optimum applications of multiple nutrients and yield gaps. The method is demonstrated for crop production in the high‐rainfall zone of southern Australia. Data from a biophysical crop model were used to overcome the persistent problem of inadequate experimental data. The Mitscherlich function was expanded to accommodate four variable inputs – nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur – and the expansion path was used to determine the economic optimum application of all four nutrients. Modelling revealed the state‐contingent yield potential and the extent to which unrealised yield could be explained by profit‐maximising behaviour and risk‐aversion by growers. If growers and their advisors were guided by the methods described, they would be better equipped to assess crop nutrient demands and limitations, predict yield potential, additional profit and the risks associated with high input systems in a variable climate. If scientists were more aware of the extra profits and the risks involved (as well as the quantitative relationships between inputs and outputs) when thinking about what to produce and how to do so, they would be more circumspect about the net benefits to be obtained from closing yield gaps.

中文翻译：

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结合作物建模和生产经济学来研究多种营养缺乏和产量缺口

描述了一种用于整合作物建模和生产经济学以量化多种养分和产量缺口的最佳应用的方法。该方法已在澳大利亚南部高降雨地区的农作物生产中得到证明。来自生物物理作物模型的数据用于克服实验数据不足的持续性问题。Mitscherlich函数已扩展为可容纳四个变量输入（氮，磷，钾和硫），并且扩展路径用于确定所有四种营养素的经济最佳应用。建模揭示了国家或有的单产潜力，以及未实现的单产的程度可以通过种植者最大化利润的行为和规避风险来解释。如果种植者及其顾问受到上述方法的指导，他们将更有能力评估农作物的养分需求和限制，预测单产潜力，额外利润以及在气候变化的情况下与高投入系统相关的风险。如果科学家在考虑生产什么以及如何做时更了解额外的利润和所涉及的风险（以及投入和产出之间的定量关系），那么他们将更加谨慎地从中获得净收益。缩小收益差距。