Electric vehicle (EV) will prevail in the near future and many EVs are expected to be parked all day or almost all day according to a survey in Japan. They can contribute as vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) to primary frequency regulation in power systems. However, as lithium‐ion battery or EV battery is still expensive, it is economically important to evaluate V2G frequency regulation cost. This paper proposes the evaluation method of the frequency regulation cost. The proposed method is based on the EV battery cost and longevity, which is shortened by performing the frequency regulation. The battery degradation consists of calendar aging and cycle aging, and an empirical model is used in this paper. Simulation results are shown using the proposed method under the various conditions such as state of charge (SoC) of the EV battery. Those results indicate a V2G control strategy to increase the cost–benefit of primary frequency regulation.

中文翻译：

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考虑到EV电池性能下降的V2G策略，以提高一次频率调节的成本效益

根据日本的一项调查，电动汽车（EV）将在不久的将来流行，并且预计许多电动汽车将全天或几乎全天停放。它们可以作为车辆到电网（V2G）的一员，为电力系统的一次频率调节做出贡献。但是，由于锂离子电池或EV电池仍然很昂贵，因此评估V2G频率调节成本在经济上很重要。提出了频率调节成本的评估方法。所提出的方法基于EV电池的成本和寿命，这通过执行频率调节而得以缩短。电池的退化包括日历老化和循环老化，本文采用了经验模型。使用所提出的方法在各种条件下（如EV电池的充电状态（SoC））显示了仿真结果。