Chris Hawes had a lively fascination for the immensely complex organisation of the endomembrane system, including the process of endocytosis. This is the method by which eukaryotic cells internalise membrane proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and cell wall enzymes from the cell surface through membrane bound vesicles. Endocytosis occurs progressively, starting with early membrane deformation, scission, and finally the release of the vesicle into the cytoplasm. Next to secretion, endocytosis allows the cell to control the proteome composition of its inner and outer surface membrane and as such, its communication with the outside world. Whereas endocytosis was initially considered theoretically impossible in plants due to their high turgor pressure, it is now established as essential for plant life. Furthermore, endocytosis remains a highly active field of research, both in yeast, animal, and plant model systems. Over the past three decades, the tools and techniques used to visualise, quantify, and characterise endocytosis have resulted in an increasingly higher spatiotemporal understanding of this process. Here we provide a brief history of plant endocytosis research from the time when Chris Hawes was investigating the process, to the current state‐of‐the‐art in the field. We will end this chapter with a discussion on some promising future developments for plant endocytosis research.

中文翻译：

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可视化植物内吞作用：过去、现在和未来

Chris Hawes 对内膜系统极其复杂的组织（包括内吞作用）有着浓厚的兴趣。这是真核细胞通过膜结合囊泡从细胞表面内化膜蛋白、脂质、碳水化合物和细胞壁酶的方法。胞吞作用逐渐发生，从早期膜变形、断裂开始，最后是囊泡释放到细胞质中。除了分泌，内吞作用允许细胞控制其内外表面膜的蛋白质组组成，因此，它与外界的交流。由于植物的高膨胀压力，内吞作用最初在理论上被认为是不可能的，但现在它被确定为植物生命所必需的。此外，在酵母、动物和植物模型系统中，内吞作用仍然是一个非常活跃的研究领域。在过去的三年中，用于可视化、量化和表征内吞作用的工具和技术导致对这一过程的时空理解越来越高。在这里，我们提供了植物内吞作用研究的简要历史，从 Chris Hawes 研究该过程到目前该领域的最新技术。我们将在本章结束时讨论植物内吞作用研究的一些有前途的未来发展。在这里，我们提供了植物内吞作用研究的简要历史，从 Chris Hawes 研究该过程到目前该领域的最新技术。我们将在本章结束时讨论植物内吞作用研究的一些有前途的未来发展。在这里，我们提供了植物内吞作用研究的简要历史，从 Chris Hawes 研究该过程到目前该领域的最新技术。我们将在本章结束时讨论植物内吞作用研究的一些有前途的未来发展。