Process biotechnology can play a very important role in addressing contemporary global challenges in the areas of energy, the environment, and healthcare. This review discusses the development of a biorefinery model using sustainable feedstocks such as microalgal biomass, with multiple benefits. As a case study, it demonstrates the development of a microalgal biorefinery to produce lipid for biofuel and carotenoids like lutein for healthcare applications, along with CO₂ mitigation. However, there has been a question mark regarding the economic viability of microalgal biorefinery, mainly for low biomass and product yields and discrete downstream processing steps. To provide sustainable solutions for these technological challenges, process intensification strategies can be implemented to enhance the yields of biomass‐derived biofuels and value‐added products. This article investigates the design aspects of photo‐bioreactors to enhance biomass productivity and CO₂ sequestration. Despite efforts made by researchers to improve product yields, there is ample scope to improve the economic viability of lutein and lipid production by integrating upstream and downstream operations to reduce the cost associated with the process. The future of algal biorefineries will rely on the development of rationally integrated genome and process‐scale engineering strategies to improve further the production of lipid and carotenoids. This review critically analyzes the current state of the art and presents the future prospects for microalgal biorefinery to address some of the challenges in the areas of healthcare, energy, and the environment. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

中文翻译：

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微藻生物精炼厂与CO2增值联产和回收高价值类胡萝卜素和生物燃料的可持续视角

过程生物技术在应对能源，环境和医疗保健领域的当代全球挑战方面可以发挥非常重要的作用。这篇综述讨论了使用可持续原料（例如微藻生物质）开发生物精炼模型的好处。作为案例研究，它证明了微藻生物提炼厂的发展，该提炼厂生产用于生物燃料的脂质和用于医疗保健应用的叶黄素等类胡萝卜素以及CO ₂减轻。但是，关于微藻生物精炼厂的经济可行性存在一个问号，主要用于低生物量和产品产量以及不连续的下游加工步骤。为了为这些技术挑战提供可持续的解决方案，可以实施过程强化策略来提高生物质衍生的生物燃料和增值产品的产量。本文研究了光生物反应器的设计方面，以提高生物质生产率和CO ₂隔离。尽管研究人员为提高产品产量做出了努力，但仍有足够的空间通过整合上游和下游操作以降低与该工艺相关的成本来提高叶黄素和脂质生产的经济可行性。藻类生物精炼厂的未来将依靠合理整合的基因组和过程规模工程策略的发展来进一步改善脂质和类胡萝卜素的生产。这篇评论严谨地分析了当前的最新技术，并提出了微藻生物精炼厂的未来前景，以应对医疗保健，能源和环境领域中的一些挑战。©2020年化学工业协会和John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd