The aim of this study was to assess the imaging features of urethral and peri-urethral masses on transvaginal or transperineal ultrasound (US) in a cohort of 95 women. In this retrospective study, medical records of 95 female patients with 98 asymptomatic or symptomatic urethral and peri-urethral masses were retrospectively reviewed. Data regarding patient demographic characteristics, symptoms, signs, imaging features on 2-D and 3-D transvaginal or transperineal US, diagnostic tests and physical and intra-operative findings were extracted. The US imaging features and clinicopathologic characteristics of each urethral or peri-urethral mass were compared. On ultrasound, 39 masses (in 39 patients) were diagnosed as urethral diverticula, which manifested mostly as complex cystic masses (24/39, 61.5%); 35 masses (in 33 patients) were diagnosed as para-urethral cysts, which manifested mostly as simple cystic masses (19/35, 54.3%); 13 hypo-echoic solid masses (in 12 patients) exhibiting blood flow signals on color Doppler imaging were diagnosed as urethral leiomyomas; hypo-echoic or heterogeneous solid masses (in 8 patients) exhibiting blood flow signals on color Doppler imaging were diagnosed as urethral caruncles, including one complicated by malignant transformation; solid masses with mixed echogenicity (in 2 patients) exhibiting blood flow signals on color Doppler imaging were diagnosed as urethral squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma, and a hypoechoic solid mass (in one patient) with blood-flow signals on color Doppler imaging was diagnosed as urethral condyloma associated with human papillomavirus infection. This study confirmed transvaginal or transperineal 2-D and 3-D ultrasonography to be a valid, non-invasive, cost-effective diagnostic modality for the differential diagnosis of urethral and periurethral masses.

本研究的目的是在 95 名女性的队列中评估经阴道或经会阴超声 (US) 的尿道和尿道周围肿块的成像特征。在这项回顾性研究中，对 95 名女性患者的医疗记录进行了回顾性分析，这些患者中有 98 名无症状或有症状的尿道和尿道周围肿块。提取了有关患者人口统计学特征、症状、体征、2-D 和 3-D 经阴道或经会阴超声成像特征、诊断测试以及物理和术中发现的数据。比较每个尿道或尿道周围肿块的超声影像特征和临床病理特征。超声检查39个肿块（39例）被诊断为尿道憩室，多表现为复杂的囊性肿块（24/39，61.5%）；35个包块（33例）被诊断为尿道旁囊肿，多为单纯囊性包块（19/35，54.3%）；13个低回声实性肿块（12例患者）在彩色多普勒成像上显示血流信号，诊断为尿道平滑肌瘤；彩色多普勒显示血流信号低回声或异质性实性肿块（8例）诊断为尿道肉阜，其中1例并发恶变；彩色多普勒成像显示血流信号的混合回声实性肿块（2例患者）被诊断为尿道鳞状细胞癌或腺癌，彩色多普勒成像显示血流信号的低回声实性肿块（1例患者）被诊断为尿道尖锐湿疣与人乳头瘤病毒感染有关。