Microplastics (MPs) attract ever-increasing attention due to environmental concerns. Nowadays, they are ubiquitous across ecosystems, and research demonstrates that the origin is mainly terrestrial. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are a major source of MPs, especially fibres, in water masses. This review is focused on understanding the evolution and fate of microplastics during wastewater treatment processes with the aim of identifying advanced technologies to eliminate microplastics from the water stream. Among them, bioremediation has been highlighted as a promising tool, but confinement of microorganisms inside the WWTP is still a challenge. The potential for MPs bioremediation in WWTPs of higher aquatic eukaryotes, which offer the advantages of low dispersion rates and being easy to contain, is reviewed. Animals, seagrasses and macrophytes are considered, taking into account ecoethical and biological issues. Necessary research and its challenges have been identified.

由于环境问题，微塑料（MPs）引起了越来越多的关注。如今，它们在整个生态系统中无处不在，研究表明其起源主要是陆生的。废水处理厂（WWTP）是水团中MP的主要来源，尤其是纤维。这篇综述的重点是了解废水处理过程中微塑料的演变和命运，目的是确定从水中消除微塑料的先进技术。其中，生物修复已被强调为一种有前途的工具，但在污水处理厂内部限制微生物仍然是一个挑战。综述了高水生真核生物在污水处理厂中进行MPs生物修复的潜力，这些优点具有分散速率低且易于控制的优点。动物，考虑到生态和生物问题，考虑了海草和大型植物。已经确定了必要的研究及其挑战。