Abstract Biodiversity is vital in the functioning of ecosystems, but it’s permanently being threatened by anthropic impacts derived from productive activities. Thus, conservation has become a global challenge. In Chile, the dissociation between economic activities and conservation has triggered numerous socio-environmental conflicts in recent decades. This work explores how different projects that give rise to these conflicts can represent an underestimated threat to biodiversity. We identified socio-environmental conflicts in Chile and their associated projects by carrying out an online review of 1035 news articles published between 2004 and 2018 using the key words “environmental conflict”. We selected articles describing a socio-environmental conflict between parties caused by a project or productive sector. Conflict-generating projects were classified by productive sector and capital origin. In addition, their geographical distribution with respect to High Conservation Value Areas (HCVAs, protected areas and priority sites for conservation) was determined. A total of 283 projects were identified from 14 different productive sectors, most of them related to energy and mining, which threaten biodiversity and human well-being mainly due to pollution and habitat destruction. Chilean companies finance most of the projects, but international companies finance over half of the energy and mining projects. Moreover, 37 % of the projects were located within HCVAs either for the establishment of future protected areas or where protected areas are currently established. As countries make new efforts to maintain and recover biodiversity, it is contradictory not to consider the threats posed by conflict-generating projects to key areas for conservation, both in public policies and in spatial planning instruments.

中文翻译：

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社会环境冲突：对智利生物多样性保护的低估威胁

摘要 生物多样性对生态系统的功能至关重要，但它一直受到来自生产活动的人为影响的威胁。因此，保护​​已成为一项全球性挑战。在智利，近几十年来，经济活动与保护之间的脱节引发了许多社会环境冲突。这项工作探讨了引发这些冲突的不同项目如何对生物多样性构成被低估的威胁。我们通过使用关键词“环境冲突”对 2004 年至 2018 年间发表的 1035 篇新闻文章进行在线审查，确定了智利的社会环境冲突及其相关项目。我们选择了描述由项目或生产部门引起的各方之间社会环境冲突的文章。产生冲突的项目按生产部门和资本来源分类。此外，还确定了它们在高保护价值区域（HCVA、保护区和优先保护地点）的地理分布。共确定了来自 14 个不同生产部门的 283 个项目，其中大部分与能源和采矿有关，这些项目主要由于污染和栖息地破坏而威胁到生物多样性和人类福祉。智利公司为大部分项目提供资金，但国际公司为超过一半的能源和采矿项目提供资金。此外，37% 的项目位于 HCVA 内，用于建立未来的保护区或目前建立保护区的地方。随着各国为维护和恢复生物多样性做出新的努力，