Temporal attention, that is, the process of anticipating the occurrence of a stimulus at a given time point, has been shown to improve perceptual processing of visual stimuli. In the present study, we investigated whether and how temporal attention interacts with spatial attention and feature-based attention in visual selection. To monitor the influence of the three different attention dimensions on perceptual processing, we measured event-related potentials (ERPs). Our participants performed a visual search task, in which a colored singleton was presented amongst homogenous distractors. We manipulated spatial and feature-based attention by requiring participants to respond only to target singletons in a particular color and at a to-be-attended spatial location. We manipulated temporal attention by means of an explicit temporal cue that announced either validly or invalidly the occurrence of the search display. We obtained early ERP effects of spatial attention and feature-based attention at the validly cued but not at the invalidly cued time point. Taken together, our results suggest that temporal attention boosts early effects of spatial and feature-based attention.

中文翻译：

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时间注意力提高了空间注意力和基于特征的注意力的感知效果。

时间注意，即预期在给定时间点发生刺激的过程，已显示可以改善视觉刺激的感知处理。在本研究中，我们调查了在视觉选择中时间注意力是否与空间注意力和基于特征的注意力相互作用以及如何相互作用。为了监视三个不同关注维度对感知处理的影响，我们测量了事件相关电位（ERP）。我们的参与者执行了视觉搜索任务，其中在同质干扰物之间显示了一个彩色的单例。我们通过要求参与者仅对特定颜色和待关注的空间位置上的目标单例做出反应来操纵基于空间和基于特征的注意力。我们通过显式的时间提示来操纵时间注意，该时间提示会有效或无效地宣布搜索显示的发生。我们在有效提示而非无效提示的时间点获得了空间注意力和基于特征的注意力的早期ERP效果。两者合计，我们的结果表明，时间注意力会增强空间和基于特征的注意力的早期影响。