Abstract Lung cancer is the widespread carcinogenesis in men and the third most familiar cancer in women. It is one of the mostly aggressive human cancers, which is responsible for around 1.4 million deaths per annum and has utmost mortality and incidence with 1.8 million new incidences and 1.6 million new deaths yearly. In this present study, we have evaluated the anticancer potential of zinc oxide nanopartices (ZnONPs) synthesized from a root extract of Euphorbia fischeriana (EF), through the apoptosis signaling markers in A549 lung cancer cells. The synthesized EF-ZnONPs were evaluated through the transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infra red (FTIR), UV–visible spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The EF-ZnONPs were assessed for their cytotoxicity activity towards A549 cells by MTT test. The induction of apoptosis was analysed by the mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell migration and dual staining. Furthermore, pro and anti-apoptotic signaling protein expression was evaluated by western blotting method. We found the bioformulated EF-ZnONPs has a spherical morphology and revealed the existence of diverse bioactive compounds. Also we found the cytotoxic effect of EF-ZnONPs. Apoptosis was activated by the EF-ZnONPs with improved ROS, decreased MMP, inhibited cell migration and altered dual staining was observed. Furthermore, the diminished expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was noted. In this study, we observed the formulation, characterization and anticancer potency of ZnONPs of EF plant extract (EF-ZnONPs) was useful for treatments of lung cancer.

中文翻译：

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大戟根合成的氧化锌纳米颗粒通过调节肺癌细胞凋亡信号通路抑制癌细胞生长

摘要 肺癌是男性最常见的癌症，也是女性第三位最熟悉的癌症。它是最具侵袭性的人类癌症之一，每年造成约 140 万人死亡，死亡率和发病率最高，每年有 180 万新发病率和 160 万新死亡病例。在本研究中，我们通过 A549 肺癌细胞的凋亡信号标记评估了从大戟 (EF) 根提取物合成的氧化锌纳米颗粒 (ZnONPs) 的抗癌潜力。通过透射电子显微镜 (TEM)、傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR)、紫外-可见光谱和动态光散射 (DLS) 技术评估合成的 EF-ZnONP。通过MTT测试评估EF-ZnONPs对A549细胞的细胞毒性活性。通过线粒体膜电位（MMP）、活性氧（ROS）、细胞迁移和双重染色分析细胞凋亡的诱导。此外，通过蛋白质印迹法评估促和抗凋亡信号蛋白的表达。我们发现生物制剂 EF-ZnONPs 具有球形形态，并揭示了多种生物活性化合物的存在。我们还发现了 EF-ZnONPs 的细胞毒性作用。细胞凋亡被 EF-ZnONPs 激活，具有改善的 ROS、降低的 MMP、抑制细胞迁移和改变的双重染色。此外，还注意到抗凋亡蛋白 Bcl-2 的表达减少。在这项研究中，我们观察到 EF 植物提取物 (EF-ZnONPs) 的 ZnONPs 的配方、表征和抗癌效力可用于治疗肺癌。