The effects of starvation and re-feeding on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) remain incompletely understood so far. In this study, the changes of intestinal microbiota, the metabolic and immune (antioxidant) responses of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) during starvation and re-feeding stages were investigated. The metabolic responses (cortisol, ALT, AST, and leptin) and immune responses (hsp70, SOD, and CAT) were measured. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the starvation group significantly increased during starvation and decrease after re-feeding. Cortisol levels increase during starvation and decreased after re-feeding. During starvation, the mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and heat shock protein (hsp70) were up-regulated while leptin was down-regulated. The microbial taxonomic composition of the starvation group slightly increased from the feeding and re-feeding groups. The relative abundance of the top five bacterial phyla in the intestinal of Nile tilapia (feeding, starvation and re-feeding groups) were Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteriodetes, and Actinobacteria. The relative abundance of the top three intestinal bacterial genera of Nile tilapia (feeding, starvation and re-feeding groups) were Cetobacterium, Romboutsia, Plesiomonas, Bacteroides, and Clostridium senso stricto. Taken together, starvation and re-feeding can modulate the diversity of microbial communities, the metabolic and immune responses of Nile tilapia.

到目前为止，饥饿和补饲对尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）的影响尚不完全清楚。在这项研究中，肠道菌群的变化，尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）的代谢和免疫（抗氧化）反应）在饥饿和重新喂食阶段进行了调查。测量了代谢反应（皮质醇，ALT，AST和瘦蛋白）和免疫反应（hsp70，SOD和CAT）。饥饿组中的天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）和丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）在饥饿期间显着增加，而在重新喂养后下降。饥饿期间皮质醇水平升高，重新喂食后皮质醇水平降低。在饥饿过程中，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），过氧化氢酶（CAT）和热休克蛋白（hsp70）的mRNA表达上调，而瘦素则下调。饥饿组的微生物分类组成比饲喂和再饲喂组略有增加。尼罗罗非鱼（进食，饥饿和再进食组）肠道中前五个细菌门的相对丰度为梭菌，Proteobacteria，Firmicutes，Bacteriodetes和放线菌。尼罗罗非鱼的前三个肠道细菌属（进食，饥饿和再进食组）的相对丰度分别为Cetobacterium，Romboutsia，邻单胞菌属，拟杆菌和梭状芽孢杆菌蟾酥严格。总之，饥饿和重新喂养可以调节微生物群落的多样性，尼罗罗非鱼的代谢和免疫反应。