Remote sensing techniques were used to study the impact of aerosols on deep convective clouds and their abilities to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) that formed on 21 May 2011 over Gandhi college region, India. Analysis using MODIS images and AERONET data indicated that dust particles were advected into the atmosphere during the dust storm. Ångström values of 0.7 to 0.8 and refractive index values of 1.43 to 1.47 obtained from AERONET indicate the presence of dust particles that got coated with sulfate. These sulfate-coated dust particles enhanced its ability to act as CCN by permitting the hygroscopic growth in subsaturated condition. The hygroscopic growth of dust particles was seen from an increase in fine particles in aerosol optical depth (AOD). Under the subsaturated condition, the water vapor froze and initiated ice formation. Thus, the aerosol-induced convection enhancement was a combination of delayed warm rain and enhanced mixed-phase processes within the clouds. The present study indicates that the impact of aerosols on clouds is location specific and satellite data along with ground-based measurements could be used to determine factors influencing the formation of deep convective clouds leading to heavy rainfall.

中文翻译：

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使用综合遥感技术的气溶胶对深对流云的影响

遥感技术被用于研究气溶胶对深对流云的影响及其作为 2011 年 5 月 21 日在印度甘地学院地区形成的云凝结核 (CCN) 的能力。使用 MODIS 图像和 AERONET 数据进行的分析表明，沙尘暴期间沙尘颗粒通过平流进入大气。从 AERONET 获得的 0.7 至 0.8 埃值和 1.43 至 1.47 的折射率值表明存在被硫酸盐覆盖的灰尘颗粒。这些涂有硫酸盐的尘埃颗粒通过允许在不饱和条件下吸湿生长，增强了其作为 CCN 的能力。从气溶胶光学深度 (AOD) 中细颗粒的增加可以看出灰尘颗粒的吸湿生长。在不饱和条件下，水蒸气冻结并开始形成冰。因此，气溶胶引起的对流增强是延迟暖雨和云内混合相过程增强的组合。目前的研究表明，气溶胶对云的影响是特定于位置的，卫星数据和地面测量可用于确定影响导致强降雨的深对流云形成的因素。