Due to the misuse of antibiotics, multiple drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria have increasingly emerged. This has increased the difficulty of treatment as these bacteria directly affect public health by diminishing the potency of existing antibiotics. Developing alternative therapeutic strategies is the urgent need to reduce the mortality and morbidity related to drug-resistant bacterial infections. In the past 10 to 20 years, nanomedicines have been widely studied and applied as an antibacterial agent. They have become a novel tool for fighting resistant bacteria. The most common innovative substances, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), have been widely reported. Until recently, DNA nanostructures were used alone or functionalized with specific DNA sequences by many scholars for antimicrobial purposes which were alternatively selected as therapy for severe bacterial infections. These are a potential candidate for treatments and have a considerable role in killing antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This review involves the dimensions of multidrug resistance and the mechanism of bacteria developing drug resistance. The importance of this article is that we summarized the current study of nano-materials based on nucleic acids in antimicrobial use. Meanwhile, the current progress and the present obstacles for their antibacterial and therapeutic use and special function of stem cells in this field are also discussed.

由于滥用抗生素，多重耐药病原菌日益增多。这增加了治疗难度，因为这些细菌会降低现有抗生素的效力，从而直接影响公众健康。开发替代治疗策略是降低与耐药细菌感染相关的死亡率和发病率的迫切需要。在过去的 10 到 20 年中，纳米药物作为抗菌剂得到了广泛的研究和应用。它们已成为对抗耐药菌的新工具。最常见的创新物质金属和金属氧化物纳米粒子 (NPs) 已被广泛报道。直到最近，许多学者将 DNA 纳米结构单独使用或用特定的 DNA 序列功能化用于抗菌目的，或者选择作为治疗严重细菌感染的方法。这些是治疗的潜在候选者，并且在杀死抗生素抗性细菌方面具有相当大的作用。本综述涉及多重耐药性的维度和细菌产生耐药性的机制。这篇文章的重要性在于我们总结了当前基于核酸的纳米材料在抗菌方面的研究。同时，还讨论了干细胞在该领域的抗菌和治疗用途以及干细胞的特殊功能的当前进展和障碍。这些是治疗的潜在候选者，并且在杀死抗生素抗性细菌方面具有相当大的作用。本综述涉及多重耐药性的维度和细菌产生耐药性的机制。这篇文章的重要性在于我们总结了当前基于核酸的纳米材料在抗菌方面的研究。同时，还讨论了干细胞在该领域的抗菌和治疗用途以及干细胞的特殊功能的当前进展和障碍。这些是治疗的潜在候选者，并且在杀死抗生素抗性细菌方面具有相当大的作用。本综述涉及多重耐药性的维度和细菌产生耐药性的机制。这篇文章的重要性在于我们总结了当前基于核酸的纳米材料在抗菌方面的研究。同时，还讨论了干细胞在该领域的抗菌和治疗用途以及干细胞的特殊功能的当前进展和障碍。