ABSTRACT

Objectives: We develop and evaluate a Trans and Gender Diverse Social Anxiety Scale (TSAS) suitable for use with trans and gender diverse (TGD) people.

Methods: We evaluate the TSAS on a sample of 171 TGD adults (40 transmen, 80 transwomen, and 51 gender nonbinary). We test the TSAS’s construct validity against measures of perceived and enacted anti-trans stigma, and in comparison to a generic (i.e., non-TGD-specific) measure of social anxiety, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS).

Results: Factor analyses reveal a four-factor structure consisting of fear and avoidance of (i) social interactions with familiar people, (ii) public scrutiny, (iii) interactions with organizations, and (iv) interactions with religious people or religious authority. Hierarchical regressions confirm that although symptoms of social anxiety assessed by the TSAS overlap with symptoms of generic social anxiety, responses to the TSAS target social situations specifically related to anti-trans stigma. MANOVAs of TSAS score by TGD gender subgroups also reveal that transmen report more social anxiety than either gender nonbinary TGD people or transwomen.

Conclusions: The TSAS is a brief instrument that can be used to measure social anxiety in TGD people in social situations in which anti-trans stigma is commonly encountered.

摘要

目标：我们开发并评估了适用于跨性别和性别多样化 (TGD) 人群的跨性别和性别多样化社交焦虑量表 (TSAS)。

方法：我们对 171 名 TGD 成人（40 名跨性别女性、80 名跨性别女性和 51 名非二元性别）样本评估 TSAS。我们针对感知和制定的反跨性别污名的测量来测试 TSAS 的结构有效性，并与社交焦虑的通用（即非 TGD 特定）测量 Liebowitz 社交焦虑量表 (LSAS) 进行比较。

结果：因素分析揭示了一个四因素结构，包括害怕和回避 (i) 与熟悉的人的社交互动，(ii) 公众监督，(iii) 与组织的互动，以及 (iv) 与宗教人士或宗教权威的互动。分层回归证实，尽管 TSAS 评估的社交焦虑症状与一般社交焦虑的症状重叠，但对 TSAS 的反应针对与反跨性别歧视相关的社交情境。TGD 性别亚组的 TSAS 得分多元方差分析还表明，跨性别者比性别非二元性 TGD 人或跨性别女性报告更多的社交焦虑。

结论： TSAS 是一种简短的工具，可用于衡量 TGD 人群在经常遇到反跨性别歧视的社交场合中的社交焦虑。