High level of work-family conflict (WFC) is an important risk factor for stress-related health outcomes. However, many studies are cross-sectional studies. In this study, we aimed to clarify how changes in WFC levels over a period 5 yr can affect workers’ mental and physical health, and to clarify whether there are gender differences of them. This study examined 1,808 civil servants (1,258 men and 550 women) aged 20–65 yr working in a local government in the west coast of Japan from 2003 to 2008. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine whether the change in WFC contributes to workers’ health problems and whether there are gender differences. This study revealed association sustained high WFC and deterioration of WFC conflict with poor mental health and poor job satisfaction for both men and women. In men high WFC conflict and deterioration was associated with poor mental health (OR=2.74). On the other hand, women had strong relationship between WFC changes and poor physical health (OR=2.64). WFC was an important factor as a social determinant of health of Japanese civil servants, and the change in WFC affects subsequent health problems with different trends in men and women.

高水平的工作家庭冲突（WFC）是与压力相关的健康结果的重要风险因素。但是，许多研究都是横断面研究。在本研究中，我们旨在弄清5年内WFC含量的变化如何影响工人的身心健康，并弄清他们之间是否存在性别差异。这项研究调查了2003年至2008年在日本西海岸地方政府工作的1808名年龄在20-65岁之间的公务员（1258名男性和550名女性）。采用Logistic回归分析研究了WFC的变化是否有助于工人的工作。健康问题以及是否存在性别差异。这项研究表明，男性和女性的持续WFC升高和WFC冲突的恶化与不良的心理健康和较差的工作满意度有关。在男性中，较高的WFC冲突和恶化与不良的心理健康有关（OR = 2.74）。另一方面，妇女在WFC的变化与身体健康不良之间有很强的联系（OR = 2.64）。WFC是决定日本公务员健康的重要社会因素，WFC的变化会影响随后的健康问题，男女的发展趋势不同。