Augmented escape of nanostructures to the ecosystem has necessitated the comprehensive study of their impact, especially on plants. In the current study, hematite nanoparticles were prepared by employing garlic extract and checked for their cytogenetic effect on onion roots and germination characteristics of five agricultural crops (Vigna radiata, Triticum aestivum, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Cicer arietinum and Vicia faba) in the concentration range of 20-100 mg/L. Onion roots exhibited an increased mitotic index till 60 mg/L dosage, beyond which trend decreased marginally. Percentage of aberrant chromosomes reported for 100 mg/L exposure was very low (3.358 ± 0.13%) and included common defects such as clumped/sticky metaphase, ring chromosomes, laggards, spindle abnormality, chromosome bridges etc. Moreover, comet assay, DNA laddering experiment and electron micrograph study confirmed negligible damage to onion roots. Seed germination study indicated a positive response in different agronomic traits (germination index, root length, fold change in weight and vigour index) up to 60 mg/L, beyond which either negative or neutral effect was observed. However, none of the samples showed 50% inhibition in germination index; highest being 33.33% inhibition for V. faba, compared to the control. In brief, biogenic hematite nanoparticles caused insignificant phytotoxicity and were likely assimilated as iron source at lower dosage.

中文翻译：

---

超顺磁性赤铁矿纳米颗粒：对主要农作物的洋葱根和种子萌发反应的细胞遗传学影响。

纳米结构更多地逃逸到生态系统中，需要对其影响进行全面研究，尤其是对植物的影响。在目前的研究中，采用大蒜提取物制备赤铁矿纳米颗粒，并在浓度下检查其对五种农作物（辐射豇豆、小麦、Trigonella foenum-graecum、Cicer arietinum和Vicia faba）洋葱根的细胞遗传学影响和发芽特性。范围为 20-100 毫克/升。洋葱根在 60 mg/L 剂量下表现出增加的有丝分裂指数，超过此趋势略有下降。报告的 100 mg/L 暴露的异常染色体百分比非常低 (3.358 ± 0.13%)，包括常见缺陷，如成块/粘性中期、环状染色体、落后者、纺锤体异常、染色体桥等。此外，彗星试验，DNA 梯状实验和电子显微照片研究证实洋葱根部的损伤可以忽略不计。种子发芽研究表明，不同农艺性状（发芽指数、根长、重量倍数变化和活力指数）的积极反应高达 60 mg/L，超过此反应观察到负面或中性效应。然而，没有一个样本显示出50%的发芽指数抑制；与对照相比，蚕豆的最高抑制率为 33.33%。简而言之，生物赤铁矿纳米颗粒引起的植物毒性微不足道，并且可能在较低剂量下被同化为铁源。超出此范围，则观察到负面或中性效应。然而，没有一个样本显示出50%的发芽指数抑制；与对照相比，蚕豆的最高抑制率为 33.33%。简而言之，生物赤铁矿纳米颗粒引起的植物毒性微不足道，并且可能在较低剂量下被同化为铁源。超出此范围，则观察到负面或中性效应。然而，没有一个样本显示出50%的发芽指数抑制；与对照相比，蚕豆的最高抑制率为 33.33%。简而言之，生物赤铁矿纳米颗粒引起的植物毒性微不足道，并且可能在较低剂量下被同化为铁源。