The traditional view of starch metabolism has focused on the multiplicity of enzymes and enzyme isoforms contributing to the production of the constituent polymers, amylopectin and amylose. However, knowledge of these enzymes has not provided a full insight into many aspects of starch biosynthesis. This enzyme-centered view has recently been augmented by the discovery and characterization of novel proteins with proposed regulatory, scaffolding, and interactive roles. This begins to reveal an unprecedented level of complexity beyond mere glucan biosynthesis, enabling us to envisage how starch granules are initiated and grow into specific forms, allowing it to serve biological roles beyond just carbohydrate storage. This review focuses on very recent findings in this vibrant field, highlighting the evolutionary novelty.

中文翻译：

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淀粉代谢的进化创新。

淀粉代谢的传统观点集中在酶和酶同工型的多样性上，这些酶和酶同工型有助于组成聚合物支链淀粉和直链淀粉的生产。但是，对这些酶的了解还不足以全面了解淀粉生物合成的许多方面。最近，通过发现和表征具有拟议的调节，支架和相互作用功能的新型蛋白质，增强了这种以酶为中心的观点。这开始揭示了超越单纯葡聚糖生物合成的前所未有的复杂性水平，使我们能够设想淀粉颗粒是如何引发并生长为特定形式的，从而使其不仅可以储存碳水化合物，还可以发挥生物学作用。这篇综述着眼于这个充满活力的领域的最新发现，突出了进化的新颖性。