RNAs play diverse roles in formation and function of subnuclear compartments, most of which are associated with active genes. NEAT1 and NEAT2/MALAT1 exemplify long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) known to function in nuclear bodies; however, we suggest that RNA biogenesis itself may underpin much nuclear compartmentalization. Recent studies show that active genes cluster with nuclear speckles on a genome-wide scale, significantly advancing earlier cytological evidence that speckles (aka SC-35 domains) are hubs of concentrated pre-mRNA metabolism. We propose the 'karyotype to hub' hypothesis to explain this organization: clustering of genes in the human karyotype may have evolved to facilitate the formation of efficient nuclear hubs, driven in part by the propensity of ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) to form large-scale condensates. The special capacity of highly repetitive RNAs to impact architecture is highlighted by recent findings that human satellite II RNA sequesters factors into abnormal nuclear bodies in disease, potentially co-opting a normal developmental mechanism.

中文翻译：

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建立在RNA和基因组簇结构上的核中心。

RNA在亚核区室的形成和功能中发挥多种作用，其中大多数与活性基因有关。NEAT1和NEAT2 / MALAT1代表已知在核体内起作用的长非编码RNA（lncRNA）。但是，我们建议RNA生物发生本身可能支持许多核区室化。最近的研究表明，在整个基因组范围内，活性基因与核斑点聚集在一起，这大大促进了早期的细胞学证据，即斑点（又名SC-35结构域）是浓缩的前mRNA代谢的枢纽。我们提出“中心核型”假说来解释这种组织：人类核型中的基因簇可能已经进化为促进有效核中心的形成，部分原因是核糖核蛋白（RNP）形成大规模冷凝物的倾向。