Changes in maternal insulin sensitivity and circulating lipids typically occur during the metabolic transitions of pregnancy and lactation. Although ceramides can cause insulin resistance in mammals, their potential roles during pregnancy and lactation are unknown. We hypothesized that changes in lipids like ceramide and triglycerides could occur across different reproductive states and relate to insulin resistance. Our objectives were to comprehensively characterize lipids in the plasma of pregnant, lactating, and nonpregnant and nonlactating (NPNL) women, and to evaluate the relationship between ceramides and the triglyceride index, a proxy of insulin resistance. Middle‐aged Hutterite women from the South Dakota Rural Bone Health Study were classified by reproductive status as nonpregnant and nonlactating (NPNL; 19 observations), pregnant (14 observations), or lactating (31 observations). Several plasma lipids were elevated in pregnancy such as ceramides, triglycerides, and total‐ and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. The triglyceride index was highest during pregnancy and was positively associated with long‐ and very long‐chain ceramides. Lipidomics revealed lipid signatures specific to reproductive state, including triglycerides, phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, and cholesteryl esters, which were also related to the triglyceride index. Our data support the possibility that ceramides contribute to the development of insulin resistance during pregnancy, and reveal distinct lipid signatures associated with pregnancy and lactation.

中文翻译：

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血浆中的神经酰胺和甘油三酸酯升高，与Hutterite妇女的胰岛素抵抗标记有关。

孕妇胰岛素敏感性和血脂的变化通常发生在妊娠和哺乳期的代谢转变过程中。尽管神经酰胺可引起哺乳动物的胰岛素抵抗，但它们在妊娠和哺乳期间的潜在作用尚不清楚。我们假设脂质的变化（如神经酰胺和甘油三酸酯）可能在不同的生殖状态下发生，并且与胰岛素抵抗有关。我们的目标是全面鉴定孕妇，哺乳期以及未怀孕和未哺乳期（NPNL）妇女血浆中的脂质，并评估神经酰胺与代表胰岛素抵抗的甘油三酸酯指数之间的关系。来自南达科他州农村骨健康研究的中年哈特教妇女按生殖状况分类为未怀孕和不哺乳（NPNL； 19个观察结果），怀孕（14个观察）或哺乳期（31个观察）。妊娠期血浆血浆脂质升高，例如神经酰胺，甘油三酸酯，总密度和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇。甘油三酸酯指数在怀孕期间最高，并且与长链和超长链神经酰胺呈正相关。脂质组学揭示了特定于生殖状态的脂质特征，包括甘油三酸酯，磷脂酰胆碱，鞘磷脂和胆固醇酯，它们也与甘油三酸酯指数有关。我们的数据支持神经酰胺可能在怀孕期间促进胰岛素抵抗的发展，并揭示与怀孕和哺乳有关的独特脂质特征。以及总密度和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇。甘油三酸酯指数在怀孕期间最高，并且与长链和超长链神经酰胺呈正相关。脂质组学揭示了特定于生殖状态的脂质特征，包括甘油三酸酯，磷脂酰胆碱，鞘磷脂和胆固醇酯，它们也与甘油三酸酯指数有关。我们的数据支持神经酰胺可能在怀孕期间促进胰岛素抵抗的发展，并揭示与怀孕和哺乳有关的独特脂质特征。以及总密度和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇。甘油三酸酯指数在怀孕期间最高，并且与长链和超长链神经酰胺呈正相关。脂质组学揭示了特定于生殖状态的脂质特征，包括甘油三酸酯，磷脂酰胆碱，鞘磷脂和胆固醇酯，它们也与甘油三酸酯指数有关。我们的数据支持神经酰胺可能在怀孕期间促进胰岛素抵抗的发展，并揭示与怀孕和哺乳有关的独特脂质特征。磷脂酰胆碱，鞘磷脂和胆固醇酯，它们也与甘油三酯指数有关。我们的数据支持神经酰胺可能在怀孕期间促进胰岛素抵抗的发展，并揭示与怀孕和哺乳有关的独特脂质特征。磷脂酰胆碱，鞘磷脂和胆固醇酯也与甘油三酯指数有关。我们的数据支持神经酰胺可能在怀孕期间促进胰岛素抵抗的发展，并揭示与怀孕和哺乳有关的独特脂质特征。