Spatiotemporally regulated targeted gene manipulation is a common way to study the effect of gene variants on phenotypic traits, but the Cre/loxP and Tet-On/Tet-Off systems can affect whole-organism physiology and function due to off-target effects. We highlight some of these adverse effects, including whole-body endocrinology and disturbances in the gut microbiome and in mitochondrial and metabolic function.

中文翻译：

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时空基因表达调控诱导系统的混杂因素

时空调控的靶向基因操作是研究基因变异对表型性状影响的常用方法，但 Cre/loxP 和 Tet-On/Tet-Off 系统会因脱靶效应而影响整个生物体的生理和功能。我们强调了其中一些不利影响，包括全身内分泌以及肠道微生物组、线粒体和代谢功能的紊乱。