This article seeks to improve our understanding of what policy over- and under-design mean; what are the consequences of these suboptimal designs; and how politics matters to these designs. Based on the review of the literature and a variety of examples that focus on the role of information quality in policy design, and drawing on two phenomena from the field of epidemiology (namely, over - adjustment and unnecessary adjustment ), the article enhances the definitional clarity of the terms under investigation and allows us to address the difficulty in reconciling technical problem solving with politics. The article proposes new definitional statements of proportionate and disproportionate policy designs that vary according to the extent to which the main design properties are adjusted to low-quality information. It also explores distinct variations in a few policy characteristics resulting from over- and under-design. The policy characteristics examined here include economic efficiency, policy effectiveness, policy robustness; the space for making significant changes at a later stage when high-quality information becomes available; the potential consequences in terms of policy over- and under-reaction; and the political ramifications of these suboptimal designs for elected executives. With regard to the interaction between technical and political logics, the article posits that deliberate policy over- and under-design can be viewed as solutions to serious political problems faced by elected executives, especially in politically sensitive times. Therefore, it facilitates a more realistic understanding of the conditions under which a policy is under- or over-designed to respond to some objectives but entirely proportionate with regard to others.

中文翻译：

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政策过度设计和设计不足：信息质量视角

本文旨在加深我们对政策过度设计和设计不足的理解；这些次优设计的后果是什么？以及政治对这些设计的重要性。文章在查阅文献和大量案例的基础上，重点关注信息质量在政策设计中的作用，并借鉴流行病学领域的两种现象（即过度调整和不必要的调整），增强了对信息质量的定义。正在调查的条款的清晰度，并使我们能够解决协调技术问题解决与政治的困难。本文提出了相称和不相称的政策设计的新定义陈述，这些陈述根据主要设计属性调整到低质量信息的程度而有所不同。它还探讨了过度设计和设计不足导致的一些政策特征的明显变化。这里考察的政策特征包括经济效率、政策有效性、政策稳健性；当高质量信息可用时，在后期进行重大更改的空间；政策反应过度和反应不足的潜在后果；and the political ramifications of these suboptimal designs for elected executives. With regard to the interaction between technical and political logics, the article posits that deliberate policy over- and under-design can be viewed as solutions to serious political problems faced by elected executives, especially in politically sensitive times. 所以，