Abstract

Smoothies are a popular breakfast option. However, liquids may evoke weaker satiation than nutritionally comparable semi-solid and solid foods. This study examined consumption of cereal and milk (CM) or a nutritionally comparable fruit smoothie (FS) for breakfast on subsequent dietary behaviours, in a controlled laboratory setting. Twenty-five participants (age 25 ± 6 y) completed three trials, receiving either CM or FS for breakfast. Afterwards, participants remained isolated for 4 h with ad libitum access to foods/beverages. A repeat trial (CM or FS) allowed exploration of normal variability. Post-breakfast energy intake (EI) (CM = 1465(2436) vs. FS = 1787(3190) kJ, Median (IQR), p = 0.099), time to intake of next food/fluid (meal latency) (CM = 146(97) vs. FS = 180(100) min, p = 0.127), and subjective hunger, desire to eat, fullness and thirst ratings were similar between conditions (p’s > 0.05). The mean coefficient of variation for EI and meal latency were 41% and 21%, respectively. Consumption of a FS does not negatively impact acute EI and meal latency.

摘要

冰沙是受欢迎的早餐选择。但是，与营养可比的半固态和固态食品相比，液态食品的饱腹感较弱。这项研究在控制的实验室环境中，检查了随后饮食习惯中早餐食用的谷物和牛奶（CM）或营养相当的水果冰沙（FS）。25名参与者（年龄25±6岁）完成了三项试验，早餐分别接受CM或FS。之后，参与者保持孤立4小时，可以随意获得食物/饮料。重复试验（CM或FS）允许探索正常变异性。早餐后的能量摄入（EI）（CM = 1465（2436）vs. FS = 1787（3190）kJ，中位数（IQR），p  = 0.099），下一次食物/液体摄入的时间（进餐潜伏期）（CM = 146（97）vs.FS = 180（100）分钟，p  = 0.127），而主观饥饿感，进食欲望，饱腹感和口渴感在两个条件之间相似（p  > 0.05）。EI和进餐潜伏期的平均变异系数分别为41％和21％。食用FS不会对急性EI和进餐延迟产生负面影响。