Background and Objectives: Individuals evaluate the demands and resources associated with a pressurized situation, which leads to distinct patterns of cardiovascular responses. While it is accepted that cognitive evaluations are updated throughout a pressurized situation, to date, cardiovascular markers have only been recorded immediately before, or averaged across, these situations. Thus, this study examined the influence of in-task performance-related feedback on cardiovascular markers of challenge and threat to explore fluctuations in these markers. Methods and Design: Forty participants completed a pressurized visual search task while cardiovascular markers of challenge and threat were recorded. During the task, participants received either positive or negative feedback via distinct auditory tones to induce a challenge or threat state. Following task completion, cardiovascular markers were recorded during a recovery phase. Results: Participants' cardiovascular responses changed across the experimental protocol. Specifically, while participants displayed a cardiovascular response more reflective of a challenge state following in-task performance-related feedback, participants exhibited a response more akin to a threat state later during the recovery phase. Conclusions: In-task auditory performance-related feedback promoted cardiovascular markers of a challenge state. These markers fluctuated over the experiment, suggesting that they, and presumably underlying demand and resource evaluations, are relatively dynamic in nature.

中文翻译：

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任务中听觉表现相关的反馈促进了压力任务期间挑战状态的心血管标志物。

背景和目标：个人评估与压力情况相关的需求和资源，这会导致心血管反应的不同模式。虽然认知评估在整个加压情况下都会更新，但迄今为止，心血管标志物仅在这些情况之前立即记录，或在这些情况下进行平均。因此，本研究检查了任务中表现相关反馈对挑战和威胁的心血管标志物的影响，以探索这些标志物的波动。方法和设计：四十名参与者完成了加压视觉搜索任务，同时记录了挑战和威胁的心血管标志物。在任务期间，参与者通过不同的听觉音调收到正面或负面反馈，以诱发挑战或威胁状态。任务完成后，在恢复阶段记录心血管标志物。结果：参与者的心血管反应在整个实验方案中发生了变化。具体来说，虽然参与者在任务中表现相关的反馈后表现出更能反映挑战状态的心血管反应，但参与者在恢复阶段的后期表现出更类似于威胁状态的反应。结论：任务中听觉表现相关的反馈促进了挑战状态的心血管标志物。这些标记在实验中波动，表明它们以及可能潜在的需求和资源评估本质上是相对动态的。心血管反应在整个实验方案中发生了变化。具体来说，虽然参与者在任务中表现相关的反馈后表现出更能反映挑战状态的心血管反应，但参与者在恢复阶段的后期表现出更类似于威胁状态的反应。结论：任务中听觉表现相关的反馈促进了挑战状态的心血管标志物。这些标记在实验中波动，表明它们以及可能潜在的需求和资源评估本质上是相对动态的。心血管反应在整个实验方案中发生了变化。具体来说，虽然参与者在任务中表现相关的反馈后表现出更能反映挑战状态的心血管反应，但参与者在恢复阶段的后期表现出更类似于威胁状态的反应。结论：任务中听觉表现相关的反馈促进了挑战状态的心血管标志物。这些标记在实验中波动，表明它们以及可能潜在的需求和资源评估本质上是相对动态的。结论：任务中听觉表现相关的反馈促进了挑战状态的心血管标志物。这些标记在实验中波动，表明它们以及可能潜在的需求和资源评估本质上是相对动态的。结论：任务中听觉表现相关的反馈促进了挑战状态的心血管标志物。这些标记在实验中波动，表明它们以及可能潜在的需求和资源评估本质上是相对动态的。