Hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride membrane was reformed to the hydrophilic membrane by incorporating synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Cajanus cajan seed extract. Spectroscopic and microscopic techniques characterized the composite membrane. The X-ray diffraction confirms the anatase phase of titanium dioxide nanoparticles of crystalline size 15.89 nm. The effect of titanium dioxide concentration on the thermodynamical and rheological properties on the polyvinylidene fluoride casting solution was investigated by the triangle phase diagram and viscosity measurement. It was concluded that titanium dioxide introduction caused thermodynamic enhancement, but the impact of rheological hinderance was higher at high concentrations. The polyvinylidene fluoride/titanium dioxide membranes were used as a bi-functional membrane to evaluate the rejection of chromium (VI) from wastewater; then, they were applied as sunlight-active catalyst membrane to reduce the concentrated chromium (VI) to chromium (III) by reduction. It was concluded that at 0.02 wt% of titanium dioxide, the maximum rejection of 85.59% and a% reduction of 92% was achieved with enhanced flux.

通过掺入使用木豆种子提取物合成的二氧化钛纳米颗粒，将疏水性聚偏二氟乙烯膜改造成亲水性膜。光谱和显微技术表征了复合膜。 X射线衍射证实了二氧化钛纳米颗粒的锐钛矿相，晶体尺寸为15.89 nm。通过三角相图和粘度测量研究了二氧化钛浓度对聚偏二氟乙烯浇注液热力学和流变性能的影响。结论是二氧化钛的引入导致热力学增强，但高浓度时流变阻碍的影响更大。使用聚偏二氟乙烯/二氧化钛膜作为双功能膜来评估废水中铬（VI）的截留率；然后，将它们用作阳光活性催化剂膜，通过还原将浓铬（VI）还原为铬（III）。结论是，在二氧化钛含量为 0.02 wt% 时，随着通量的增加，最大截留率达到 85.59%，百分比降低 92%。