Regeneration is a complex mechanism to restore lost or damaged body parts. In earthworms, regeneration capability varies among different species, and it is important to explore the mechanism behind the regeneration process. Interestingly, regeneration in earthworms is either dependent or independent of clitellum segments. In the present study, juvenile earthworms (Eudrilus eugeniae) were amputated at 3 different sites, namely the head, clitellum, and tail segments (at segments 10, 15, and 30, respectively), and their regeneration ability was documented using a foldscope. The amputated segments having the intact clitellum were able to heal the wounds and form the regenerative blastema. The smaller portions of the amputated segments (segments 1–10 and 1–15) without intact clitellum were unable to heal the wound, and death occurs within 12–24 h. The larger portions of the amputated segments (segments 15 and 30 to anus) without intact clitellum were able to heal the wound but lacked the regeneration capability. In control worms, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) signals were observed at the anterior tip, clitellum, and gut epithelium tissues, whereas, upon amputation, the enriched signals from the clitellum diminished, but profound signals were observed at the amputation site and regenerative blastema. Interestingly, on days 3 and 4, blastemal tips lacked ALP signals due to initiation of the differentiation process in the regeneration blastema. In summary, using a foldscope microscope, the role of the clitellum in the regeneration mechanism was indicated by ALP activity.

中文翻译：

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了解小球藻在蚯蚓Eudrilus eugeniae再生事件中的作用

再生是一种复杂的机制，可以恢复丢失或损坏的身体部位。在蚯蚓中，不同物种的再生能力不同，探索再生过程背后的机制很重要。有趣的是，蚯蚓的再生依赖于或独立于阴蒂节。在本研究中，幼蚯蚓 (Eudrilus eugeniae) 在 3 个不同的部位被截肢，即头部、阴蒂和尾部（分别位于第 10、15 和 30 节），并使用折叠镜记录了它们的再生能力。具有完整阴蒂的截肢部分能够治愈伤口并形成再生胚泡。没有完整阴蒂的截肢节段的较小部分（节段 1-10 和 1-15）无法愈合伤口，并在 12-24 小时内死亡。没有完整阴蒂的截肢节段（至肛门的第 15 节和第 30 节）的较大部分能够治愈伤口，但缺乏再生能力。在对照蠕虫中，在前尖、阴蒂和肠道上皮组织中观察到碱性磷酸酶 (ALP) 信号，而在截肢时，来自阴蒂的富集信号减弱，但在截肢部位和再生胚芽处观察到明显的信号。有趣的是，在第 3 天和第 4 天，由于再生胚芽分化过程的开始，胚芽尖端缺乏 ALP 信号。总之，使用折叠显微镜，阴蒂在再生机制中的作用由 ALP 活性指示。