To determine the impact of the Bayesian penalized likelihood (BPL) reconstruction algorithm in comparison to OSEM on hypoxia PET/CT images of NSCLC using 18F-MIZO and 18F-FAZA. Images of low-contrasted (SBR = 3) micro-spheres of Jaszczak phantom were acquired. Twenty patients with lung neoplasia were included. Each patient benefitted from 18F-MISO and/or 18F-FAZA PET/CT exams, reconstructed with OSEM and BPL. Lesion was considered as hypoxic if the lesion SUVmax > 1.4. A blind evaluation of lesion detectability and image quality was performed on a set of 78 randomized BPL and OSEM images by 10 nuclear physicians. SUVmax, SUVmean, and hypoxic volumes using 3 thresholding approaches were measured and compared for each reconstruction. The phantom and patient datasets showed a significant increase of quantitative parameters using BPL compared to OSEM but had no impact on detectability. The optimal beta parameter determined by the phantom analysis was β350. Regarding patient data, there was no clear trend of image quality improvement using BPL. There was no correlation between SUVmax increase with BPL and either SUV or hypoxic volume from the initial OSEM reconstruction. Hypoxic volume obtained by a SUV > 1.4 thresholding was not impacted by the BPL reconstruction parameter. BPL allows a significant increase in quantitative parameters and contrast without significantly improving the lesion detectability or image quality. The variation in hypoxic volume by BPL depends on the method used but SUV > 1.4 thresholding seems to be the more robust method, not impacted by the reconstruction method (BPL or OSEM). ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02490696. Registered 1 June 2015

中文翻译：

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与OSEM重建相比，贝叶斯罚分似然算法（Q.Clear®）对低对比度PET低氧图像的影响。

为了确定与OSEM相比，使用18F-MIZO和18F-FAZA的贝叶斯罚分似然（BPL）重建算法对NSCLC缺氧PET / CT图像的影响。采集Jaszczak体模的低对比度（SBR = 3）微球的图像。包括20例肺肿瘤。每位患者均受益于18F-MISO和/或18F-FAZA PET / CT考试，这些考试采用OSEM和BPL重建。如果病变SUVmax> 1.4，则认为病变缺氧。由10名核医师对一组78张随机BPL和OSEM图像进行了病灶可检测性和图像质量的盲目评估。使用3种阈值方法测量了SUVmax，SUVmean和低氧体积，并对每次重建进行了比较。与OSEM相比，幻影和患者数据集显示使用BPL的定量参数显着增加，但对可检测性没有影响。通过幻像分析确定的最佳β参数为β350。关于患者数据，使用BPL没有明显的图像质量改善趋势。从最初的OSEM重建来看，Bmax引起的SUVmax增加与SUV或低氧量之间没有相关性。通过SUV> 1.4阈值获得的低氧体积不受BPL重建参数的影响。BPL可以显着增加定量参数和对比度，而不会显着提高病变的可检测性或图像质量。BPL对缺氧量的变化取决于所使用的方法，但是SUV> 1.4阈值似乎是更可靠的方法，不受重建方法（BPL或OSEM）的影响。ClinicalTrials.gov，NCT02490696。2015年6月1日注册