In recent decades, there has been a very rapid increase in the prevalence of diabetes globally, with serious health and economic implications. Although today there are several therapeutic treatments for this disease, these do not address the causes of the disease and have serious side effects, so it is necessary to seek new treatments to replace or complement the existing ones. Among these complementary treatments, a strong link between the intestinal microbiota and diabetes has been demonstrated, which has focused attention on the use of biotherapy to regulate the function of the intestinal microbiota and, thus, treat diabetes. In this way, the main objective of this work is to provide a review of the latest scientific evidence on diabetes, gathering information about new trends in its management, and especially, the influence of the intestinal microbiota and microbiome on this pathology. It is possible to conclude that the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and diabetes is carried out through alterations in energy metabolism, the immune system, changes in intestinal permeability, and a state of low-intensity systemic inflammation. Although, currently, most of the experimental work, using probiotics for diabetes management, has been done on experimental animals, the results obtained are promising. Thus, the modification of the microbiota through biotherapy has shown to improve the symptoms and severity of diabetes through various mechanisms related to these alterations.

在最近的几十年中，全球糖尿病的发病率迅速上升，对健康和经济产生了严重影响。尽管今天有几种针对该疾病的治疗方法，但是这些方法不能解决疾病的原因并且具有严重的副作用，因此有必要寻求新的方法来替代或补充现有的方法。在这些辅助治疗中，肠道菌群与糖尿病之间的紧密联系已得到证实，这已将注意力集中在利用生物疗法调节肠道菌群功能从而治疗糖尿病上。这样，这项工作的主要目的是对有关糖尿病的最新科学证据进行回顾，收集有关其治疗新趋势的信息，尤其是 肠道菌群和微生物组对此病理的影响。可以得出结论，肠道菌群与糖尿病之间的关系是通过能量代谢，免疫系统，肠道通透性变化和低强度全身性炎症状态的改变来实现的。尽管目前，大多数使用益生菌治疗糖尿病的实验工作已经在实验动物上进行，但获得的结果是有希望的。因此，通过生物疗法对微生物群的修饰已显示出通过与这些改变有关的各种机制改善了糖尿病的症状和严重程度。可以得出结论，肠道菌群与糖尿病之间的关系是通过能量代谢，免疫系统，肠道通透性变化和低强度全身性炎症状态的改变来实现的。尽管目前，大多数使用益生菌治疗糖尿病的实验工作已经在实验动物上进行，但获得的结果是有希望的。因此，通过生物疗法对微生物群的修饰已显示出通过与这些改变有关的各种机制改善了糖尿病的症状和严重程度。可以得出结论，肠道菌群与糖尿病之间的关系是通过能量代谢，免疫系统，肠道通透性变化和低强度全身性炎症状态的改变来实现的。尽管目前，大多数使用益生菌治疗糖尿病的实验工作已经在实验动物上进行，但获得的结果是有希望的。因此，通过生物疗法对微生物群的修饰已显示出通过与这些改变有关的各种机制改善了糖尿病的症状和严重程度。实验动物已经完成，获得的结果是有希望的。因此，通过生物疗法对微生物群的修饰已显示出通过与这些改变有关的各种机制改善了糖尿病的症状和严重程度。实验动物已经完成，获得的结果是有希望的。因此，通过生物疗法对微生物群的修饰已显示出通过与这些改变有关的各种机制改善了糖尿病的症状和严重程度。