Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the inter- and intra-observer reliability of plain digital radiographs for assessing normal feline femoral and tibial joint reference angles in the sagittal and frontal planes.

Study Design This was a cadaveric radiographic anatomical study. that involved 20 short-haired domestic adult cats.

Methods Sagittal and frontal plane tibial and femoral joint angles of 40 limbs were measured twice by three observers with different levels of experience. Inter- and intraobserver reliability was determined by the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). An ICC > 0.75 was considered high correlation, 0.74 > ICC > 0.60 good correlation, 0.59 > ICC > 0.4 fair correlation and an ICC < 0.40 poor correlation.

Results Mean ± standard deviation angles were anatomic lateral proximal femoral angle (aLPFA) 110.6 ± 3.6; anatomic lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA) 91.9 ± 2.1; mechanical lateral proximal femoral angle; mLPFA (mLPFA) 107.3 ± 3.6; mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) 95.5 ± 1.7; femoral neck anteversion (FNA) 121.9 ± 4.1; anatomical caudal proximal femoral angle (aCPFA) 156.1 ± 3.9; anatomical caudal distal femoral angle (aCDFA) 101.4 ± 1.4; mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA) 93.5 ± 1.2; mechanical medial distal tibial angle (mMDTA) 100.5 ± 2.3; mechanical cranial proximal tibial angle (mCrPTA) 113.1 ± 3.2; tibial plateau angle (TPA) 23.1 ± 3.2; mechanical cranial proximal tibial angle (mCrDTA) 86.7 ± 3.1.

The intra-observer ICC indicated high correlation for 70% or more of the measurements. The inter-observer agreement among observers was high. These results show that the radiographic method for measuring femoral and tibial joint angles was good or high, except for FNA and mCrDTA.

Conclusions This study provides some radiographic anatomical and mechanical joint angles of the femurs and tibias of normal domestic short-haired cats. We found good reliability for both intra- and interobserver measurements.

Authors' Contributions

Angela Palumbo Piccionello, Alberto Salvaggio and Massimo Petazzoni designed the research project; Riccardo Botto and Fabrizio Dini prepared the X-rays; Angela Palumbo Piccionello, Alberto Salvaggio and Fabiola Emiliozzi took the radiograph measurements; Antonella Volta processed the data and conducted the statistical analysis; Angela Palumbo Piccionello wrote the manuscript and Massimo Petazzoni supervised the manuscript.

中文翻译：

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评估正常猫的股骨和胫骨额骨和矢状平面关节角度的放射线观察者之间和观察者之间的可靠性良好。

摘要

目的 本研究的目的是评估普通数字X线片在观察者之间和观察者内部的可靠性，以评估矢状和额平面中正常的股骨和胫骨关节参考角。

研究设计 这是尸体射线照相的解剖学研究。其中涉及20只短毛成年家猫。

方法 由三位经验不同的观察者对40条肢体的矢状面和额面胫骨和股骨关节角度进行两次测量。观察者之间和观察者之间的可靠性由类内相关系数（ICC）确定。ICC> 0.75被认为是高相关性，0.74> ICC> 0.60是良好相关性，0.59> ICC> 0.4公平相关性，而ICC <0.40差相关性。

结果 平均±标准偏差角为解剖学上股外侧近端角（aLPFA）110.6±3.6；解剖学上股骨远端股骨角（aLDFA）91.9±2.1; 机械性股骨近端外侧角; mLPFA（mLPFA）为107.3±3.6; 股骨远端外侧机械角（mLDFA）95.5±1.7; 股骨颈前倾（FNA）121.9±4.1; 解剖型尾股近端股骨角（aCPFA）156.1±3.9; 解剖型尾股骨远端角（aCDFA）101.4±1.4; 机械胫骨近端内侧角（mMPTA）93.5±1.2; 胫骨远端机械角（mMDTA）100.5±2.3; 机械性颅骨近端胫骨角（mCrPTA）113.1±3.2; 胫骨平台角（TPA）23.1±3.2; 机械性颅骨近端胫骨角（mCrDTA）86.7±3.1。

观察者内部ICC表示70％或更多测量值具有高度相关性。观察员之间的观察员之间共识很高。这些结果表明，除了FNA和mCrDTA外，用于测量股骨和胫骨关节角度的射线照相方法是好的还是很高的。

结论 本研究提供了正常家养短毛猫的股骨和胫骨的一些放射学解剖学和机械关节角度。我们发现观察者内和观察者之间的测量都具有良好的可靠性。

作者的贡献

Angela Palumbo Piccionello，Alberto Salvaggio和Massimo Petazzoni设计了该研究项目；Riccardo Botto和Fabrizio Dini准备了X射线。Angela Palumbo Piccionello，Alberto Salvaggio和Fabiola Emiliozzi进行了X射线照片测量；Antonella Volta处理了数据并进行了统计分析；该手稿由安吉拉·帕卢博（Angela Palumbo Piccionello）撰写，马西莫·佩塔佐尼（Massimo Petazzoni）对手稿进行了监督。