Flammulina velutipes stem waste (FVS) is the by-product of mushroom industry. The objectives of this study were to determine the available energy and amino acid digestibility of FVS fed to pigs, and to evaluate the effects of dietary FVS inclusion on growth performance, biochemical profile of serum, fecal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration, carcass traits, meat quality, intestinal morphology and microflora of pigs. In Exp. 1, twelve crossbred barrows with initial body weight (IBW) of 37.48 ± 4.31 kg were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments, including a corn basal diet and an experimental diet containing 24.35% FVS. In Exp. 2, twelve barrows fitted with an ileal T-cannula (IBW: 32.56 ± 1.67 kg) were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments, which included a N-free diet and an experimental diet containing 40.0% FVS. In Exp. 3, ninety growing pigs (IBW: 63.98 ± 6.89 kg) were allotted to 1 of 3 treatment diets for 63 d, including a basal diet and 2 experimental diets with 2.5% and 5% FVS, respectively. The digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) of FVS were 4.58 and 4.06 MJ/kg on dry matter basis, respectively, and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of indispensable AAs ranged from 17.50% to 59.47%. Pigs fed diets with 2.5% FVS showed no difference on average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G/F). Although dietary 5% FVS inclusion impaired apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of organic matter and gross energy, it elevated the SCFA concentration (P ≤ 0.04) in gut and antioxidant capacity in serum. In addition, dietary FVS inclusion depressed the backfat thickness (P = 0.03) in pigs. The longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs fed FVS revealed higher n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration and optimized fatty acid composition. Dietary 2.5% FVS inclusion also improved the intestinal development and health by increasing the villius height to crypt depth ratio (V/C) in jejunum (P < 0.01), and promoting microbial diversity and beneficial microbiota proliferation. It is feasible to include moderate content of FVS as an unconventional fiber ingredient in diet of growing-finishing pigs.

中文翻译：

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金针菇茎渣的有效能量值和氨基酸消化率的测定及其对生长肥育猪胴体性状和肉质的影响。

金针菇茎废料 (FVS) 是蘑菇工业的副产品。本研究的目的是确定饲喂 FVS 的可用能量和氨基酸消化率，并评估日粮中添加 FVS 对生长性能、血清生化特征、粪便短链脂肪酸 (SCFA) 浓度、胴体的影响。猪的性状、肉质、肠道形态和微生物区系。在 Exp。如图 1 所示，12 头初始体重 (IBW) 为 37.48 ± 4.31 kg 的杂交手推车被随机分配到 2 个日粮处理中，包括玉米基础日粮和含有 24.35% FVS 的实验日粮。在 Exp。如图 2 所示，12 只装有回肠 T 型套管（IBW：32.56 ± 1.67 kg）的手推车被随机分配到 2 种饮食处理中，其中包括无 N 饮食和含有 40.0% FVS 的实验性饮食。在 Exp。3、90 头生长猪 (IBW: 63.98 ± 6.89 kg) 被分配到 3 种处理日粮中的 1 种，持续 63 天，包括基础日粮和分别具有 2.5% 和 5% FVS 的 2 种实验日粮。FVS的消化能（DE）和代谢能（ME）分别为4.58和4.06 MJ/kg（以干物质计），必需氨基酸的标准化回肠消化率（SID）在17.50%到59.47%之间。饲喂含 2.5% FVS 日粮的猪在平均日增重 (ADG) 和增重比 (G/F) 方面没有差异。虽然日粮中添加 5% FVS 会损害有机物和总能量的表观总消化道消化率 (ATTD)，但它会提高肠道中的 SCFA 浓度 (P ≤ 0.04) 和血清中的抗氧化能力。此外，日粮 FVS 的加入降低了猪的背膘厚度 (P = 0.03)。饲喂 FVS 的猪的背最长肌显示出更高的 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸浓度和优化的脂肪酸组成。膳食中添加 2.5% FVS 还通过增加空肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度比 (V/C) (P < 0.01)、促进微生物多样性和有益微生物群增殖来改善肠道发育和健康。在生长肥育猪的日粮中加入适量的 FVS 作为非常规纤维成分是可行的。