Ion channels are expressed throughout nervous system development. The type and diversity of conductances and gating mechanisms vary at different developmental stages and with the progressive maturational status of neural cells. The variety of ion channels allows for distinct signaling mechanisms in developing neural cells that in turn regulate the needed cellular processes taking place during each developmental period. These include neural cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation, which are crucial for developmental events ranging from the earliest steps of morphogenesis of the neural tube through the establishment of neuronal circuits. Here, we compile studies assessing the ontogeny of ionic currents in the developing nervous system. We then review work demonstrating a role for ion channels in neural tube formation, to underscore the necessity of the signaling downstream ion channels even at the earliest stages of neural development. We discuss the function of ion channels in neural cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation and conclude with how the regulation of all these morphogenetic and cellular processes by electrical activity enables the appropriate development of the nervous system and the establishment of functional circuits adapted to respond to a changing environment.

中文翻译：

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从神经管形成到脊髓神经元的分化：神经发育过程中的离子通道。

离子通道在整个神经系统发育过程中都有表达。电导和门控机制的类型和多样性在不同的发育阶段和神经细胞的渐进成熟状态有所不同。离子通道的多样性允许在神经细胞发育过程中产生不同的信号机制，进而调节在每个发育时期发生的所需细胞过程。这些包括神经细胞增殖和神经元分化，这对于从神经管形态发生的最早步骤到神经元回路建立的发育事件至关重要。在这里，我们汇编了评估发育中神经系统中离子电流个体发育的研究。然后，我们回顾了证明离子通道在神经管形成中的作用的工作，强调即使在神经发育的最早阶段也需要向下游离子通道发出信号。我们讨论了离子通道在神经细胞增殖和神经元分化中的功能，并总结了通过电活动对所有这些形态发生和细胞过程的调节如何促进神经系统的适当发育和建立适应变化的功能电路。环境。