Attractive Toxic Sugar Baits (ATSB) are used in a “lure-and-kill” approach for management of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, but the active chemicals were previously unknown. Here we collected volatiles from a mango, Mangifera indica, juice bait which is used in ATSBs in Tanzania and tested mosquito responses. In a Y-tube olfactometer, female mosquitoes were attracted to the mango volatiles collected 24–48 h, 48–72 h and 72–96 h after preparing the bait but volatiles collected at 96–120 h were no longer attractive. Volatile analysis revealed emission of 23 compounds in different chemical classes including alcohols, aldehydes, alkanes, benzenoids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and oxygenated terpenes. Coupled GC-electroantennogram (GC-EAG) recordings from the antennae of An. gambiae showed robust responses to 4 compounds: humulene, (E)-caryophyllene, terpinolene and myrcene. In olfactometer bioassays, mosquitoes were attracted to humulene and terpinolene. (E)-caryophyllene was marginally attractive while myrcene elicited an avoidance response with female mosquitoes. A blend of humulene, (E)-caryophyllene and terpinolene was highly attractive to females (P < 0.001) when tested against a solvent blank. Furthermore, there was no preference when this synthetic blend was offered as a choice against the natural sample. Our study has identified the key compounds from mango juice baits that attract An. gambiae and this information may help to improve the ATSBs currently used against malaria vectors.

中文翻译：

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雌性冈比亚按蚊对芒果诱饵挥发物的行为和电生理反应。

有吸引力的有毒糖诱饵（ATSB）用于“诱杀”方法来管理疟疾媒介冈比亚按蚊（Anopheles gambiae），但活性化学物质以前是未知的。在这里，我们从芒果Mangifera indica（一种果汁诱饵）中收集了挥发物，并将其用于坦桑尼亚的ATSB中，并测试了蚊子的反应。在Y型管嗅觉仪中，雌性蚊子在准备诱饵后24-48小时，48-72小时和72-96小时被诱捕的芒果挥发物吸引，但在96-120小时收集的挥发物不再具有吸引力。挥发性分析表明，排放了23种不同化学类别的化合物，包括醇，醛，烷烃，苯类，单萜，倍半萜和氧化的萜烯。来自天线触角的耦合GC电子耳蜗图（GC-EAG）记录一个。冈比亚显示出对4种化合物的强烈反应：腐殖烯，（E）-石竹烯，萜品油烯和月桂烯。在嗅觉仪生物测定中，蚊子被吸引到mul草烯和萜品油烯。（E）-石竹烯吸引率很小，而月桂烯引起雌性蚊子回避反应。相对于 空白溶剂测试，草烯，（E）-石竹烯和萜品油烯的混合物对雌性具有极高的吸引力（P <0.001）。此外，当提供这种合成混合物作为天然样品的选择时，也没有任何选择。我们的研究确定了吸引An的芒果汁诱饵中的关键化合物。冈比亚 这些信息可能有助于改善目前用于抗击疟疾媒介的ATSB。