Although HIV-1 has evolved from a deadly to a chronic disease over the past 20 years, an HIV-1 cure is still lacking due to the presence of persisting cellular viral reservoirs which are spread throughout the body in different anatomical compartments. Hence, the identification and characterization of these HIV-1 reservoirs were the focus of many studies during the past decades. In this review, a systematic literature screening and text mining approach were implemented to assess the evolution in experimental design of these HIV-1 reservoir studies. For this purpose, the online databases PubMed, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were consulted and 1768 articles were identified, of which 106 are included in this review. We observed several evolutions that indicate a more structured approach of recent HIV-1 reservoir studies. This includes the use of well-characterized patient cohorts, tissue sampling at several time points and anatomical compartments, the inclusion of patients with different treatment status (on and off antiretroviral therapy), and the implementation of state-of-the-art research techniques such as single genome sequencing. In addition, there is an increased interest and sampling of lymphoid tissues and cerebrospinal fluid together with methods to investigate cellular subsets and HIV-1 sequences. Overall, this review describes an observed shift from detecting and quantifying HIV-1 toward a qualitative in-depth assessment of anatomical reservoirs and cellular subsets playing a role in HIV-1 persistence/latency. These trends coincide with the evolution in focus from controlling HIV-1 replication by currently available antiretroviral therapy toward HIV-1 curative strategies.

中文翻译：

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HIV-1水库研究中实验设计和研究技术的演变：系统综述。

尽管在过去的20年中，HIV-1已从致命疾病演变为慢性疾病，但由于存在持久的细胞病毒库，这些病毒库遍布整个人体的不同解剖区室，因此仍缺乏HIV-1的治疗方法。因此，在过去的几十年中，对这些HIV-1病毒库的鉴定和表征是许多研究的重点。在这项审查中，系统的文献筛选和文本挖掘方法已被实施，以评估这些HIV-1储库研究的实验设计的演变。为此，查阅了在线数据库PubMed，Web of Science和ClinicalTrials.gov，确定了1768篇文章，其中106篇被纳入本评价。我们观察到一些演变，这些变化表明最近的HIV-1水库研究采用了更为结构化的方法。这包括使用特征明确的患者队列，在多个时间点和解剖隔室进行组织采样，纳入具有不同治疗状态（开/关抗逆转录病毒疗法）的患者以及实施最新研究技术例如单基因组测序。此外，人们对淋巴组织和脑脊液的兴趣和取样以及研究细胞亚群和HIV-1序列的方法的兴趣也越来越高。总的来说，这篇综述描述了从检测和量化HIV-1到定性深入评估在HIV-1持久性/潜伏性中起作用的解剖学储库和细胞亚群的转变。