Objective. Interferential stimulation (IFS) has generated considerable interest recently because of its potential to achieve focal electric fields in deep brain areas with transcranial currents. Conventionally, IFS applies sinusoidal currents through two electrode pairs with close-by frequencies. Here we propose to use an array of electrodes instead of just two electrode pairs; and to use algorithmic optimization to identify the currents required at each electrode to target a desired location in the brain. Approach. We formulate rigorous optimization criteria for IFS to achieve either maximal modulation-depth or maximally focal stimulation. We find the solution for optimal modulation-depth analytically and maximize for focal stimulation numerically. Main results. Maximal modulation is achieved when IFS equals conventional high-definition multi-electrode transcranial electrical stimulation (HD-TES) with a modulated current source. This optimal solution can b...

中文翻译：

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电极阵列对人脑的干扰刺激的优化。

目的。干扰刺激（IFS）最近引起了人们的极大兴趣，因为它有可能通过颅电流在深脑区域实现聚焦电场。按照惯例，IFS通过两个具有相邻频率的电极对施加正弦电流。在这里，我们建议使用电极阵列，而不是仅使用两个电极对。并使用算法优化来识别每个电极所需的电流，以靶向大脑中的所需位置。方法。我们为IFS制定了严格的优化标准，以实现最大的调制深度或最大的焦点刺激。我们通过分析找到最佳调制深度的解决方案，并在数值上最大化聚焦刺激的解决方案。主要结果。当IFS等于具有调制电流源的常规高清多电极经颅电刺激（HD-TES）时，可实现最大调制。这种最佳解决方案可以...