The relationship between parent and child changes around adolescence, with children believed to have: (i) an earlier puberty if they have less secure attachments to their carer; (ii) a phase of increased conflict behaviour toward their carer; and (iii) heightened conflict behaviour when carer attachments are less secure. We find support for analogous associations in adolescent dogs based on behaviour and reproductive timing of potential guide dogs. Bitches with behaviour indicative of insecure attachments pre-adolescence became reproductively capable earlier. Providing the first empirical evidence to our knowledge in support of adolescent-phase behaviour in dogs, we found a passing phase of carer-specific conflict-like behaviour during adolescence (reduced trainability and responsiveness to commands), an effect that was more pronounced in dogs with behaviour indicative of less secure attachments. These results indicate a possibility for cross-species influence on reproductive development and highlight adolescence as a vulnerable time for dog-owner relationships.

中文翻译：

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十几岁的狗？青少年阶段冲突行为的证据以及家犬对人类的依恋与青春期时间之间的关联。

父母和孩子之间的关系在青春期发生变化，据信孩子有：(ii) 对照顾者的冲突行为增加的阶段；(iii) 当照顾者依恋不安全时，冲突行为加剧。我们发现支持基于潜在导盲犬的行为和繁殖时间的青少年犬的类似关联。在青春期前表现出不安全依恋行为的母犬更早具有生殖能力。为我们的知识提供了第一个经验证据来支持狗的青春期行为，我们发现了青春期照顾者特有的类似冲突行为的过渡阶段（可训练性和对命令的反应性降低），这种影响在狗身上表现得更为明显，其行为表明依恋较不安全。这些结果表明跨物种影响生殖发育的可能性，并强调青春期是狗主人关系的脆弱时期。