Abstract

Purpose

This review discusses recent developments in our understanding of biological and physiological mechanisms underlying radiation cataractogenesis. The areas discussed include effects of low-dose exposures to the lens including potential relevance of non-targeted effects, the development of new personal-protective equipment (PPE) and standards in clinical and nuclear settings motivated by the updated ICRP recommendations to mitigate exposures to the lens of the eye. The review also looks at evidence from the field linking cataracts in birds and mammals to low dose exposures.

Conclusions

The review suggests that there is evidence that cataractogenesis is not a tissue reaction (deterministic effect) but rather is a low dose effect which shows a saturable dose response relationship similar to that seen for non-targeted effects in general. The review concludes that new research is needed to determine the dose response relationship in environmental studies where field data are contradictory and lab studies confined to rodent models for human exposure studies

中文翻译：

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辐射性白内障的环境和工业发展

摘要

目的

这篇综述讨论了我们对放射性白内障的生物学和生理机制的理解的最新进展。讨论的领域包括低剂量暴露于晶状体的影响，包括非靶向影响的潜在相关性、新的个人防护设备 (PPE) 的开发以及受更新的 ICRP 建议推动的临床和核环境标准以减少暴露于眼睛的晶状体。该评论还研究了该领域的证据，将鸟类和哺乳动物的白内障与低剂量暴露联系起来。

结论

该评价表明，有证据表明白内障发生不是组织反应（确定性效应），而是一种低剂量效应，显示出与一般非靶向效应相似的饱和剂量反应关系。审查的结论是，需要进行新的研究来确定环境研究中的剂量反应关系，其中现场数据相互矛盾，实验室研究仅限于人类暴露研究的啮齿动物模型