AIM To assess the impact of motion artefacts and motion-artefact correction on diagnostic accuracy of apical periodontitis (AP) in CBCT images. METHODOLOGY Based on clinical and radiographic inspection of 40 formalin-fixated human jaw specimens, 77 roots in 45 teeth (molars and premolars), with various disease and treatment state, were selected. The specimens were mounted on a robot simulating 3-mm movement types (nodding, lateral rotation and tremor). CBCT images with and without (controls) movements were acquired in four CBCT units: without motion-artefact correction in Cranex 3Dx, Orthophos SL 3D, and Promax 3D Mid, and with motion-artefact correction in Promax 3D Mid and X1. Three observers blindly assessed (i) whether the images were interpretable and (ii) if AP was present (5-step probability index). Histopathology provided the reference standard for presence of AP. Weighted Kappa statistics described inter-observer agreement. Estimates of diagnostic accuracy were assessed by means of receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Area under the curve (AUC) provided a measure of accuracy, and paired-sample AUC difference tests compared differences amongst the CBCT units and movement types. RESULTS Observer agreement was substantial for control images, moderate for motion-artefact corrected images and fair for images without motion-artefact correction. When movement was present, motion-artefact correction reduced the percentage of images scored as noninterpretable or with uncertain disease state (score 3 in the 5-step probability index). Control images were not perfectly accurate (both false-positive and false-negative results were present; AUC 0.750-0.799). Images acquired with movement and without motion-artefact correction (AUC 0.541-0.709) were associated with significantly lower accuracy than control images (P < 0.05). With motion-artefact correction, accuracy was comparable to that observed in control images (AUC 0.732-0.790). CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic accuracy of apical periodontitis in CBCT images was dependent on the presence of motion artefacts (i.e. lower accuracy associated with the presence of movement). Motion-artefact correction systems positively influenced image interpretability and diagnostic accuracy.

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运动伪影和运动伪影校正对CBCT图像中根尖牙周炎的诊断准确性的影响：人体尸体的离体研究。

目的评估运动伪影和运动伪影校正对CBCT图像中根尖周炎（AP）诊断准确性的影响。方法基于临床和放射学检查，对40颗福尔马林固定的人类颌骨标本进行了选择，选择了45颗牙齿（磨牙和前磨牙）中77根，并具有各种疾病和治疗状态。将样本安装在模拟3毫米运动类型（点头，横向旋转和震颤）的机器人上。在四个CBCT单元中获取具有和不具有（控制）运动的CBCT图像：在Cranex 3Dx，Orthophos SL 3D和Promax 3D Mid中不进行运动伪影校正，在Promax 3D Mid和X1中进行运动伪影校正。三名观察员盲目评估（i）图像是否可解释，以及（ii）是否存在AP（5步概率指数）。组织病理学为AP的存在提供了参考标准。加权Kappa统计信息描述了观察者之间的共识。通过接收器操作员特征（ROC）曲线分析评估诊断准确性的估计值。曲线下的面积（AUC）提供了一种准确度的度量，成对样本的AUC差异测试比较了CBCT单位和运动类型之间的差异。结果观察者对控制图像的一致性很高，对于经运动伪像校正的图像，观察者的同意是中等的，对于未经运动伪像校正的图像，观察者的共识是合理的。如果存在运动，则运动伪影校正会降低得分为无法解释或疾病状态不确定的图像的百分比（5步概率指数中的得分3）。对照图像并非完全准确（存在假阳性和假阴性结果； AUC 0.750-0.799）。具有运动且没有运动伪影校正（AUC 0.541-0.709）的图像的准确性明显低于对照图像（P <0.05）。通过运动伪影校正，准确性与对照图像中观察到的准确性相当（AUC 0.732-0.790）。结论CBCT图像中根尖牙周炎的诊断准确性取决于运动伪影的存在（即，与运动存在相关的较低准确性）。运动伪影校正系统对图像的可解释性和诊断准确性产生了积极影响。709）的准确性明显低于对照图像（P <0.05）。通过运动伪影校正，准确性与对照图像中观察到的准确性相当（AUC 0.732-0.790）。结论CBCT图像中根尖牙周炎的诊断准确性取决于运动伪影的存在（即，与运动存在相关的较低准确性）。运动伪影校正系统对图像的可解释性和诊断准确性产生了积极影响。709）的准确性明显低于对照图像（P <0.05）。通过运动伪影校正，准确性与对照图像中观察到的准确性相当（AUC 0.732-0.790）。结论CBCT图像中根尖牙周炎的诊断准确性取决于运动伪影的存在（即，与运动存在相关的较低准确性）。运动伪影校正系统对图像的可解释性和诊断准确性产生了积极影响。