BACKGROUND The tendency to repetitively and intrusively think about a particular negative event, goal failure, or problem (i.e., goal-directed rumination) is generally associated with impairments in well-being, thus decreasing performance in solving this failure. However, rumination is also associated with higher levels of resources invested in problem solving, likely leading to an improvement in performance. OBJECTIVES The current study thus examines the indirect effect of rumination via various mediators on subjective problem-solving performance in the everyday context. DESIGN Over a period of two weeks, 147 students completed a brief survey each evening (i.e., diary study). METHODS Data were analyzed by means of a multiple mediation model in the multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) framework. RESULTS The analyses revealed that perceived stress and negative mood negatively mediated the relationship between rumination and problem solving, while attention and effort positively mediated this relationship. Finally, both a negative direct and total effect of rumination on problem solving was observed. CONCLUSIONS Conclusively, goal-directed rumination exerted a negative indirect effect on subjective problem solving via perceived stress and negative mood, whereas it positively affected problem solving via attention and effort. Possible limitations and implications are discussed.

中文翻译：

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目标导向的反刍及其对解决问题的拮抗作用：一项为期两周的日记研究。

背景技术反复和侵入性地思考特定的负面事件、目标失败或问题（即，目标导向的沉思）的倾向通常与幸福感受损相关，从而降低解决这种失败的绩效。然而，沉思也与在解决问题上投​​入更多资源有关，可能会导致绩效提高。目标 因此，当前的研究通过各种中介来检验沉思对日常环境中主观问题解决能力的间接影响。设计 在两周的时间里，147 名学生每天晚上都完成了一项简短的调查（即日记研究）。方法通过多层次结构方程模型（MSEM）框架中的多重中介模型对数据进行分析。结果 分析显示，感知压力和消极情绪消极地调节沉思和解决问题之间的关系，而注意力和努力积极地调节这种关系。最后，观察到反刍对问题解决的负面直接影响和总体影响。结论 最终，目标导向的沉思通过感知压力和消极情绪对主观问题的解决产生负面的间接影响，而它通过注意力和努力对问题的解决产生积极的影响。讨论了可能的局限性和影响。观察到反刍对解决问题的直接和总体负面影响。结论 最终，目标导向的沉思通过感知压力和消极情绪对主观问题的解决产生负面的间接影响，而它通过注意力和努力对问题的解决产生积极的影响。讨论了可能的局限性和影响。观察到反刍对解决问题的直接和总体负面影响。结论 最终，目标导向的沉思通过感知压力和消极情绪对主观问题的解决产生负面的间接影响，而它通过注意力和努力对问题的解决产生积极的影响。讨论了可能的局限性和影响。