After the advent of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) commenced across the world. Understanding the Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 is essential for interrupting viral infectivity and preventing aberrant immune responses before a vaccine can be developed. In this review, we provide the latest insights into the roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) and Ang II receptor-1 (AT1-R) in this disease. Novel therapeutic strategies, including recombinant ACE2, ACE inhibitors, AT1-R blockers, and Ang 1-7 peptides, may prevent or reduce viruses-induced pulmonary, cardiac, and renal injuries. However, more studies are needed to clarify the efficacy of these therapeutics. Furthermore, considering the common role of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway in AT1-R expressed on peripheral tissues and cytokine receptors on the surface of immune cells, potential targeting of this pathway using JAK inhibitors (JAKinibs) is suggested as a promising approach in patients with COVID-19 who are admitted to hospitals. In addition to antiviral therapy, potential ACE2- and AT1-R-inhibiting strategies, and other supportive care, we suggest other potential JAKinibs and novel anti-inflammatory combination therapies that affect the JAK-STAT pathway in patients with COVID-19. Since the combination of MTX and baricitinib leads to outstanding clinical outcomes, the addition of baricitinib to MTX might be a potential strategy.

中文翻译：

---

抑制JAK作为COVID-19患者的新治疗策略。

严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）出现后，世界各地开始爆发2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）。了解COVID-19的免疫发病机制对于在研发疫苗之前中断病毒感染性和防止异常的免疫反应至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们提供了有关血管紧张素转换酶II（ACE2）和Ang II受体1（AT1-R）在该疾病中的作用的最新见解。包括重组ACE2，ACE抑制剂，AT1-R阻滞剂和Ang 1-7肽在内的新型治疗策略可预防或减少病毒引起的肺，心脏和肾损伤。但是，需要更多的研究来阐明这些疗法的功效。此外，考虑到Janus激酶信号转导子和转录激活子（JAK-STAT）通路在外周组织中表达的AT1-R和免疫细胞表面上的细胞因子受体的共同作用，可能使用JAK抑制剂（JAKinibs）靶向该通路对于入院的COVID-19患者，建议将其作为一种有前途的方法。除了抗病毒治疗，潜在的ACE2-和AT1-R抑制策略以及其他支持治疗外，我们还建议其他可能影响JAV-STAT通路中JAK-STAT途径的JAKinib和新型抗炎联合疗法。由于MTX和Baricitinib的组合可导致出色的临床结果，因此在MTX中添加Baricitinib可能是一种潜在的策略。